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The political control of bureaucracy - A longitudinal analysis of portuguese health and justice ministries

Authors: Ferreira, André Xavier;

The political control of bureaucracy - A longitudinal analysis of portuguese health and justice ministries

Abstract

A relação entre o poder político e a administração pública constitui um elemento central da governação democrática, uma vez que os titulares de cargos políticos procuram orientar a burocracia no sentido dos seus objetivos programáticos. Embora esta dinâmica esteja amplamente documentada noutros contextos, os mecanismos específicos no âmbito do sistema semipresidencial português permanecem pouco explorados. Os estudos sobre o controlo político da burocracia em Portugal são ainda escassos. Pretendendo colmatar esta lacuna, a presente dissertação procura identificar os fatores que determinam a forma como os governos utilizam os instrumentos institucionais de controlo. Em particular, analisa as nomeações políticas, as reorganizações administrativas e a afetação orçamental nos Ministérios da Saúde e da Justiça entre 1976 e 2020. Com base num desenho longitudinal e mediante a aplicação de modelos de regressão linear (OLS) e testes t, o estudo avalia a influência da ideologia governamental, da alternância partidária, do discurso político, das crises nacionais, de acontecimentos europeus e da composição dos governos. Os resultados evidenciam que a alternância política é o fator mais significativo, sendo um forte preditor da rotatividade nas posições de direção superior. A intensidade do debate parlamentar surge igualmente como variável relevante, sobretudo no setor da Justiça, onde um escrutínio acrescido parece induzir uma postura mais cautelosa face à reforma. Em contrapartida, a ideologia e a composição governamental não se revelaram fatores significativos, sugerindo que a inércia institucional e o consenso setorial tendem a prevalecer sobre a influência partidária.

The relationship between political power and public administration is central to democratic governance, as elected officials aim to steer the bureaucracy towards their policy objectives. While this dynamic is well-documented, its specific mechanisms within Portugal’s semi-presidential system remain underexplored. Studies on the political control of the bureaucracy in the Portuguese context are scarce. To tackle this, this dissertation aims to contribute to filling that gap by identifying the factors that determine how governments use institutional tools to exert control. Specifically, it analyzes political appointments, administrative reorganizations, and budgetary allocations in the Health and Justice ministries from 1976 and 2020. Through the adoption of a longitudinal design and employing Linear Models, Generalized Linear Models and t-tests, the study assesses the influence of government ideology, partisan alternation, political discourse, national crises, European events, and government composition on the institutional tools identified above. The results show that the variable political alternation is the most significant factor, strongly predicting turnover in senior leadership. The intensity of parliamentary debate also emerges as a relevant variable, particularly in the Justice sector, where heightened scrutiny appears to foster a more cautious approach to reform. In contrast, government ideology and composition were not found to be significant drivers of change, suggesting that institutional inertia and broad sectoral consensus often override partisan influence.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Principal-Agent Theory, Linear model, Análise longitudinal, Longitudinal analysis, Portuguese public administration, Bureaucracy control mechanisms, Modelo linear, Teoria do Principal-Agente, Mecanismos de controlo da burocracia, Administração pública portuguesa

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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