Global energy demands and environmental concerns are accelerating the development of renewable energy sources and promoting the replacement of conventional manufacturing processes. In this context, low-biodegradable materials assume a huge importance since it serves as the feedstock for these new bio-based processes. Gasification is an alternative technology for biomass and wastes treatment, and originates a carbon-rich gas (called syngas, mainly composed of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2)), which can be further converted into a large spectrum of chemicals and fuels. Syngas fermentation uses microorganisms as biocatalysts to assimilate 1-carbon molecules and produce value-added compounds, such as acetic and n-butyric acids, ethanol, butanol, among others. Butanol has emerged as a high valuable compound for the chemical and energy industries due to its characteristics (higher energy content, lower toxicity, among others). Although it is nowadays produced from petrochemical processes, some acetogens can produce it from syngas fermentation. From the previous, Clostridium carboxidivorans is considered a promising species for industrial application due to its unique capacity of producing higher alcohols (butanol and hexanol) from syngas at specific experimental conditions. The first part of this thesis focused on the physiological characterization of C. carboxidivorans when converting different substrates (glucose, syngas and CO) and the dependence of yeast extract as a co-factor during syngas fermentation. The second part aimed to evaluate different operational strategies to promote alcohol production (specially butanol): cultivation at sub-optimal temperature and testing different CO partial pressures within the syngas mixture. The main results and conclusions from this thesis are: 1) the versatility of C. carboxidivorans, as it grew well in all the conditions tested, showing no inhibition when cultivated at different temperatures (30 and 37 ºC), pressures (100, 170 and 200 kPa), different gaseous substrates and even in the absence of yeast extract; it was also shown that a higher CO concentration was crucial for n-butyric acid synthesis and that yeast extract is important to accelerate growth but do not influence acetic acid titers; 2) regarding the strategies to promote solventogenesis, the use of above-atmospheric pressures showed to be more promising than cultivation at 30 ºC, since higher pressures (170 and 200 kPa) lead to an increase in CO consumption rate and accelerated n-butyric acid synthesis, which suggests the microorganism was following the metabolic pathway that further leads to butanol production.