The walled city of Famagusta, located in the northeastern part of Cyprus, was once the richest city in the world. However, a long series of invasions, in combination with other factors, such as wars, earthquakes and political instability, led the city to its utter decay. The past richness of the port is today reflected in its severely deteriorated architectural heritage; reason why, in 2008, Famagusta was placed on the World Monuments Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites by the World Monument Fund. At present, one of the biggest issues threatening the remaining heritage comes from the seismicity of the region. Famagusta belongs to the most seismic prone area of the island; and its vulnerability is increased by the ground conditions, which make the region likely to have strong impact of earthquakes. This thesis addresses the study of the condition and structural stability of the medieval Armenian Church in Famagusta, which is valuable because of its still surviving frescoes. In general, three main research steps are done. First, a historical analysis of the old damage and previous restoration works is carried out, along an evaluation of the current structural condition based on an in-situ visual inspection. Subsequently, non-destructive tests are performed, namely dynamic identification analysis and sonic tests, in order to characterize the masonry condition and the dynamic properties of the building. Finally, a numerical evaluation of the church is performed using a 3D finite element model. The non-linear behavior of the structure is measured under vertical and horizontal loads. In particular, the static pushover and dynamic time-history methods are applied to assess its seismic performance. The results of these analyses are studied in terms of the generated capacity curves and the structural damage patterns; and used to justify the old observed damage and present condition of the edifice, and to discuss its safety. The present work was able to justify numerous important, old and current damage features of the Armenian Church. Particularly, good consistency was obtained regarding the damage pattern of the transversal west and east sides of the edifice. Furthermore, the results indicate that the building presents a considerable safety level in terms of vertical loading, as well as a good overall seismic performance. These characteristics can be attributed to the regularity of the masonry structure and to the high stiffness and moderate height of the masonry walls. Nonetheless, further investigation and numerical analyses are required in order to have an adequate judgment regarding, mainly, the seismic capacity of the church.