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O desafio da aprendizagem ativa no ensino da Filosofia da Arte

Authors: Sampaio, João de Aguiar Bernardo e Melo;

O desafio da aprendizagem ativa no ensino da Filosofia da Arte

Abstract

Este relatório resulta do estágio profissional como professor de Filosofia e pretende ser um contributo para o ensino da Filosofia no ensino secundário, mas também servir como uma pequena reflexão sobre o Ensino. O documento resulta do estágio realizado na Escola Secundária Sá de Miranda, em Braga, durante o ano letivo de 2023/2024. O primeiro objetivo do projeto de estágio foi trabalhar com os alunos, de forma a despertar e incentivar o espírito investigador e a curiosidade em relação aos estudos. Infelizmente, verificámos que muitos alunos adotam uma atitude passiva e pouco estimulada em sala de aula. Acreditamos que isso se deve, em grande medida, a um afastamento entre os temas explorados pela disciplina e a realidade dos alunos. Embora seja natural que, num primeiro contacto com a Filosofia, os alunos se sintam um pouco afastados, acreditamos que esta disciplina, no seu cerne, explora questões que interessam a todas as pessoas. Em segundo lugar, a disciplina de Filosofia no ensino secundário tem o propósito de instruir e preparar alunos capazes de pensar criticamente sobre questões da ação e do pensamento humano. Para isso, é fundamental que os alunos desenvolvam uma atitude participativa. Além disso, a Filosofia visa o desenvolvimento de diversas competências formais, como a capacidade de interpretar textos, identificar problemas, resumir ideias, explicar conceitos, exemplificar e justificar as suas posições. Com este propósito baseamo-nos nas propostas pedagógicas do Filosofo John Dewey, em particular na obra, Democracia e Educação (2007) e do neurocientista Stanislas Dehaene, com a sua obra How We Learn (2021) para fundamentar as pedagogias. Com base no princípio de que a verdadeira aprendizagem ocorre quando os alunos participam ativamente no processo. Para tal, o papel do professor é fundamental: para criar um ambiente que estimule os alunos a pôr em prática as suas intuições através de exercícios práticos e resolução de problemas. Através de feedback constante, os alunos podem consolidar os conhecimentos corretos e, principalmente, aprender com os erros. Nesse contexto, o erro não é visto como algo negativo, mas como uma oportunidade de aprendizagem. Ao incentivar a experimentação e o risco, promovemos um ambiente onde os alunos se sentem à vontade para expressar as suas ideias e dúvidas, elaborando assim um conhecimento mais significativo.

This report results of a professional internship as a Philosophy teacher and aims to contribute to the teaching of Philosophy in high school while also serving as a brief reflection on teaching in general. This document is the result of an internship carried out at the Escola Secundária Sá de Miranda, in Braga, during the 2023/2024 academic year. The primary objective of the internship project was to work with students to awaken and encourage their investigative spirit and curiosity about their studies. Unfortunately, we observed that many students adopt a passive and a less stimulated attitude in the classroom. We believe that this is largely due to a disconnect between the topics explored in the subject and the students' reality. Although it is natural for students to feel a bit distant from Philosophy at first, we believe that this discipline, at its core, explores issues that concern all people. Secondly, the Philosophy subject in high school aims to educate and prepare students to think critically about issues of human thinking and action. For this, it is essential that students develop a participatory attitude. In addition, Philosophy aims to develop various formal competencies, such as the ability to interpret texts, identify problems, summarize ideas, explain concepts, provide examples, and justify their positions. With this purpose, we based our work on the pedagogical proposals of the philosopher John Dewey, particularly in his work, Democracy and Education (2007), and the neuroscientist Stanislas Dehaene, with his work How We Learn (2021), to ground our pedagogies. Based on the principle that true learning occurs when students actively participate in the process. To this end, the role of the teacher is fundamental: to create an environment that encourages students to put their intuitions into practice through practical exercises and problem-solving. Through constant feedback, students can consolidate correct knowledge and, above all, learn from their mistakes. In this context, error is not seen as something negative, but as a learning opportunity. By encouraging experimentation and risk, we promote an environment where students feel comfortable expressing their ideas and doubts, thus developing a more meaningful knowledge.

Country
Portugal
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Keywords

Philosophy Teaching, Collaborative Study, Active learning, Estudo colaborativo, The role of mistakes in learning, Aprendizagem ativa, Estética, Papel do erro nas aprendizagens, Aesthetics, Ensino Filosofia, Ciências Sociais::Ciências da Educação

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green