
La comparaison des résultats de 1 917 examens coproscopiques de bovins du midi toulousain montre qu’entre 2002 et 2003, la prévalence et le nombre moyen d’oeufs de grande douve, de paramphistomes, de petite douve et de strongles gastro-intestinaux ont significativement diminué. En revanche, dès l’année suivante, les niveaux parasitaires ont été restaurés. La discussion envisage les différents facteurs qui, à plus ou moins long terme, pourraient aboutir à une évolution durable de l’épidémiologie des helminthoses. Il s’agit d’une adaptation des souches de vers, d’une modification de l’écologie des hôtes intermédiaires et enfin d’un déplacement des hôtes ou des réservoirs. En bilan, un accident climatique comme celui de 2003 ne doit pas aboutir à un relâchement des mesures de lutte contre le parasitisme mais à leur adaptation en étudiant un nouveau calendrier des interventions.
The heat wave of 2003 summer had serious consequences on helminths prevalence and epidemiology. Comparison of 1,917 cattle epg counts in Southwestern France for years before and after showed that prevalence and mean numbers of Fasciola hepatica, paramphistomids, Dicrocoelium lanceolatum and gastrointestinal strongyles eggs were significantly reduced. Nevertheless, the next year the epg counts were quickly increasing. Several factors may have induced a more or less long modification: strains of helminths may become adapted, a new spreading of intermediate hosts may occur with a modified ecology and finally moving of hosts and reservoirs may be amongst causes of epidemiological changes. Finally, after a heat wave the anthelmintic pressure may be maintained, as parasites seem quickly become adapted to a novel and modified environment.
Climate, Temperature, Cattle Diseases, Adaptation, Physiological, Feces, Helminths, Prevalence, Animals, Cattle, France, Helminthiasis, Animal, Parasite Egg Count
Climate, Temperature, Cattle Diseases, Adaptation, Physiological, Feces, Helminths, Prevalence, Animals, Cattle, France, Helminthiasis, Animal, Parasite Egg Count
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