To investigate the distribution pattern and structural characteristics of tick community and to understand the diversity of the communities in Tarim Basin.According to the geographical division and habitat types, survey sites were selected, and tick samples were collected and their species were identified. With the methods of community ecology, the richness, diversity and evenness of the tick community were calculated. The communities were classified by way of clustering analysis in combination with the environmental index of geology and vegetation.Totally 10 species belonging 5 genera of ticks were collected in the Basin. Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum and Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi were the dominant species in the area. The tick community was divided into 7 types in accordance with the environmental geology, vegetations, and their richness and coverage degree.There are abundant tick communities in the area of Tarim Basin, and a gradient change of the communities is continued in the ecological amplitude of this area.