To explore the relationship between sexual dysfunction and chronic prostatitis and investigate the effect of psychologic treatment.A total number of 346 patients with chronic prostatitis complicated by sexual dysfunction were randomized into two groups, one treated with routine medication (antibiotic, indomethacin, alpha1 receptor blocker and Chinese traditional medicine), and the other with both routine medication and psychologic treatment. Results were analyzed by comparing NIH-CPSI and IIEF-5 between pre- and post-treatment groups.The prostatitis symptoms and sexual dysfunction were improved obviously after treatment in the two groups, but compared with the control, more marked improvement was observed in the combined psychologic treatment group (P <0.01). The degree of chronic prostatitis related sexual dysfunction was not correlated with that of prostatitis symptoms.Psychology plays a very important role in chronic prostatitis related sexual dysfunction. Psychologic treatment not only works on the sexual dysfunction, but also improves prostatitis symptoms.