By the method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), this paper studied the contents of 13 secondary compounds from 130 samples of 26 rice varieties resistant to brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens biotype II. A prediction model was established through principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis: Y = 3.4593 - 0.02491 X1 + 0.08475 X2 - 0.04227 X8 + 0.1174 X12. The relationships between the BPH-resistant level of rice varieties and the area values of chromatographic peaks were significant (r2 = 0.84, P < 0.01). The results demonstrated that Peak 1, Peak 2, Peak 8 and Peak 12 were the major secondary compounds affecting the resistance to BPH biotype II, which suggested that the BPH resistance of the varieties came from the action of several secondary compounds that varied in contribution to the resistance.