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The importance of dietary carbohydrates.

Authors: Sánchez-Castillo, Claudia P; Hudson, Geoffrey J; Englyst, Hans N; Dewey, Peter; T. James, W. Philip;

The importance of dietary carbohydrates.

Abstract

Importancia de los hidratos de carbono. Hace 40 años los hidratos de carbono (HC) eran considerados como simple fuente de energía. Ahora se reconocen como componentes importantes de alimentos. La dieta humana contiene una amplia variedad de HC de los cuales la gran mayoría proviene de plantas. Las técnicas modernas basadas en clasificación química de HC han sustituido la medición tradicional "por diferencia" y proporcionan una base lógica para agrupar en categorías específicas de importancia nutricia. Los efectos fisiológicos de los HC de la dieta dependen en gran medida de la tasa y grado de digestión y absorción en el intestino delgado, así como de su fermentación en el intestino grueso. Estas interacciones promueven la salud. El conocimiento actual del destino de los HC de la dieta significa que los propiedades potencialmente indeseables de muchos alimentos modernos pudieran ser alteradas utilizando técnicas de procesamiento que den lugar a alimentos con estructuras de paredes celulares mas intactas. Estos productos se asemejarían mas, con respecto a las tasas de digestión y absorción de los HC en el intestino delgado, a los alimentos que se utilizaban antes que surgiera la agricultura. Las consecuencias fisiológicas potencialmente nocivas de ingerir azúcares y almidones que son digeridos y absorbidos rápidamente en el intestino delgado, sugiere que, de manera similar a la fibra, deben considerarse tanto su forma como la cantidad de almidón. La conciencia cada vez mayor del consumidor de la relación entre dieta y salud, ha motivado una demanda cada vez mas insistente de información nutricia en el etiquetado de alimentos. En la mayoría de los países se introduce en la etiqueta el término "carbohidratos", y este valor usualmente se obtiene "por diferencia" y se utiliza en el cálculo del contenido de energía. Este valor, sin embargo, no proporciona información nutricia per se. Las etiquetas en alimentos deben proporcionar valores que ayuden a los consumidores a seleccionar una dieta saludable.

Forty years ago carbohydrates (CHO) were regarded as a simple energy source whereas they are now recognized as important food components. The human diet contains a wide range of CHO, the vast majority of which are of plant origin. Modern techniques based on chemical classification of dietary CHO replaced the traditional "by difference" measurement. They provide a logical basis for grouping into categories of specific nutritional importance. The physiological effects of dietary CHO are highly dependent on the rate and extent of digestion and absorption in the small intestine and fermentation in the large intestine, interactions which promote human health. Current knowledge of the fate of dietary CHO means that the potentially undesirable properties of many modern foods could be altered by using processing techniques that yield foods with more intact plant cell wall structures. Such products would more closely resemble the foods in the pre-agriculture diet with respect to the rate of digestion and absorption of CHO in the small intestine. The potentially detrimental physiological consequences of eating sugars and starch that are rapidly digested and absorbed in the small intestine suggest that, as fibre, the form, as well as the amount of starch should be considered. Increasing consumer awareness of the relationship between diet and health has led to demands for more widespread nutrition labelling. The entry "carbohydrate" is required in most countries, and the value is usually obtained "by difference" and used in the calculation of energy content. However, the value provides no nutritional information per se. Food labels should provide values that aid consumers in selecting a healthy diet.

Keywords

Nutrition. Foods and food supply, QH301-705.5, Carbohydrates, Food Packaging, clasificación, health, Hidratos de carbono, food labelling, Diet, classification, salud, Health, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, TX341-641, Biology (General), etiquetado alimentos, Nutritive Value

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
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