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Türkiye Selçuklularında üçlü saltanat döneminin siyasi yapısı (1246-1262)

Authors: ÖZŞAHİN Didem;

Türkiye Selçuklularında üçlü saltanat döneminin siyasi yapısı (1246-1262)

Abstract

Anadolu Selçuklu tahtına II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev'in çıkmasıyla beraber devlet eski güç ve otoritesinin kaybetmiş; özellikle de Moğollarla yaşanan 1242 Kösedağ savaşı ile birlikte Anadolu, Moğol tahakkümü altına girmiştir. II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev'in Alaiye'de bulunduğu sırada hayatını kaybetmesi üzerine Selçuklu tahtında hak iddia edebilecek üç sultan adayı kalmıştı. Bunlardan en büyükleri II. İzzeddin Keykavus ortanca kardeş IV. Kılıç Arslan ve en küçükleri ise II. Alaaddin Keykubat idi. Devlet adamlarının kararı ile bu üç kardeşten en büyüğü olan İzzeddin Keykavus Selçuklu tahtına çıkarılmıştır.Bu sırada Moğol tahtının yeni hükümdarı Güyük Han'ın tahta çıkış kurultayı ve törenine çağrılan sultan II. Keykavus, bu törene kendisi gitmeyerek kardeşi Rükneddin Kılıç Arslan'ı göndermiştir. Ancak Moğol hanından aldığı yarlığ ve askerî kuvvetle Anadolu'ya gelen IV. Kılıç Arslan 1249 yılında sultanlığını ilan ederek ağabeyi II. Keykavus'a karşı başkaldırmıştır. Ardından iki kardeş arasında gerçekleşen savaşı II. İzzeddin Keykavus kazanmıştır.Kardeşler arasında tekrardan olası bir savaşın önüne geçebilmek amacıyla Celaleddin Karatay'ın önerisi ile üç kardeş II. İzzeddin Keykavus, IV. Rükneddin Kılıç Arslan ve II. Alaaddin Keykubat aynı anda tahta çıkarılmıştır. Ancak Celaleddin Karatay'ın zamansız ölümü ile II. Alaaddin Keykubat'ın Türkistan yolundaki şüpheli ölümü, ortak saltanat döneminin kısa sürmesine sebep oldu.Bundan sonraki süreç ise, iki kardeş İzzeddin Keykavus ve Kılıç Arslan arasında yaşanan mücadeleler şeklinde devam etmiştir.Bu çalışmada üçlü saltanat dönemini hazırlayan ve üçlü saltanat döneminde yaşanan olaylara yer verilmiştir. Bu dönemin mimarı Celaleddin Karatay'ın etkisi üzerinde durulmuştur. Sonuç bölümünde ise döneme dair değerlendirmelere yer verilmiştir.

Anatolian Seljuks lost their power and authority when Gıyaseddyn Keyhusrev II acceded to the throne. Especially, Anatolia was smothered by Mongols after Kösedağ War between Mongols and Anatolian Seljuks in 1242. Gıyaseddyn Keyhusrev II died in Alaiye and behind of him there were three sons, who had right for the throne and they were candidate for sultanate. Izzeddyn Keykavus II., who was the eldest of the brothers, was acceded to the throne of Anatolian Seljuks by the statesman.Meanwhile, Sultan Keykavus II. who was called for the ceremony and qurultai of accession to throne of Guyuk Khan, did not attend to it and sent his brother Rukhneddyn Kilich Arslan IV. Nevertheless. Kilich Arslan IV., who took edict and military support from Guyuk Khan, returned to Anatolia and declared his sultanate against to his big brother Izzeddyn Keykavus II. in 1249 and than İzzeddyn Keykavus II. won the war the brothers.In order to prevent a potential war between the brothers. Izzeddyn Keykavus II., Rukhneddyn Kilic Arslan IV. and Alaaddyn Keyqubat II. were acceded to the throne together, by suggestion of Celaleddyn Qaratai. But Celaleddyn Qaratai's unexpected death and Alaaddyn Keyqubat's II. suspicious death during travel of Turkistan, caused to end of this common reign in a short time.The next process continued with struggles between two brothers Izzeddin Keykavus II. and IV. Kılıç Arslan In this study, the events which prepared the triple sultanate period and occurred during this period were handled by us. The influence of Celaleddyn Qaratai who was the planner of the period, was emphasized. In the conclusion section, it was mentioned that the opinions about the triple reign period.

Country
Turkey
Keywords

Tarih, Sovereignty, History, Political structure, Alaeddin Keykubat II, II. İzzeddin Keykavus, IV. Rükneddin Kılıç Arslan, Anatolian Seljuks, Seljuks, IV. Rükneddin Kılıç Arslan,, Celaleddin Karatay, II. Alaaddin Keykubat, Rükneddin Kılıçarslan IV, Izzeddin Keykavus II, ortak saltanat

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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