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Hititler`in tarihinde Gaşkalar`ın rolü ve önemi

Authors: Taşdöner, Kevser;

Hititler`in tarihinde Gaşkalar`ın rolü ve önemi

Abstract

M.Ö. 2. Binyılda Anadolu'da büyük bir siyasi güç haline gelen Hitit Devleti,kabileler halinde yaşayan barbar bir kavmin tehlikesi altındaydı. Bu kavim,Anadolu'nun kuzey bölgesinde yaşayan Gaşkalar'dı. Hitit Devleti hemen hemen ilkzamanlarından yıkılışına kadar, Gaşkalar'la mücadele etmek zorunda kalmıştır.Gaşkalar hakkında en tatmin edici bilgileri Hitit kaynaklarından öğreniyoruz.Bunun yanında, Mısır ve Asur devletlerinin politik kaynaklarında da Gaşkalar'dan sözedildiğini görebiliyoruz.Hitit Devleti'nin hemen her kralı Gaşkalar üzerine sefer düzenlemiştir. Bundandolayı, Hititler'e ait birçok vesika Gaşkalar'dan bahsetmektedir. II. Tuthalya'nınYıllıkları, I. Å uppiluliuma'nın Kahramanlıkları Metni, II. MurÅ¡ili'nin Yıllıkları ve III.HattuÅ¡ili'nin Otobiyografisi, Gaşkalar hakkında son derece önemli bilgiler vermektedir.Aynı zamanda, Hititler'in diğer Anadolu krallıkları ile yaptıkları antlaşmalarda daGaşkalar'ın ismi geçmektedir.Gaşkalar, Hitit tarihinde ilk kez Eski Krallık Dönemi'nde ortaya çıkmışlardır.Fakat, onlardan bahseden ilk en ayrıntılı belge Yeni Krallık Dönemi krallarından,I.Arnuvanda ve Kraliçe AÅ¡munikal'e ait dua metinleridir.Gaşkalar, birbirlerinden bağımsız kabileler halinde yaşıyorlardı ve her kabileninayrı bir reisi vardı. Anlaşılacağı gibi, merkezû bir otorite söz konusu değildi. Busebepten dolayı, Hitit Devleti hiçbir zaman bu halkı hâkimiyeti altına alamamıştır.Aniden baskınlar düzenleyen bu savaşçı halk, artık Hitit Devleti için bir dış politikahaline gelmiştir ve Hitit tahtına geçen her yeni kralın çözümlemesi gereken sorunolmuştur. Ege Göçleri ile yıkılan Hitit Devleti, son zamanlarına kadar Gaşkalar'lamücadelesine devam etmiştir. Bir taraftan göçle gelen kavimlerle savaşan Hititler, birtaraftan da Gaşkalar'la mücadelesini devam ettirmiştir. Bu sebeple, kuvvetleri bölünmüşve aynı zamanda oldukça yıpranmıştır. Hitit Devleti'nin en zayıf anlarında saldıranGaşkalar, M.Ö. 2. Binyılın en güçlü devletinin yıkılmasında etkili olmuşlardır.

The State of Hittites, which was a great political power in Anatolia in 2.Millenium B.C., was under the threat of a barbaric nation that was living in tribes at thetime. These were the Kaskas, which had settled in North Anatolia.Hittites had to struggle with the Kaskas from the earlier time their establishmentuntil they fell down. We get the most accurate an reliable information about the Kaskasfrom Hittites sources. It is also known to us that the Kaskas are mentioned in Egyptianand Assyrian political resources.Almost every king of the Hittites is known to have attacked on the Kaskas. Forthis reason, many documents that belong to the Hittite refer to the Kaskas. Thealmanacs of Tuthalya II., heroism texts of Suppililiuma I., the almanacs of Mursili II.and the autobiograpy of Hattusili III. give information of great significance about theKaskas. In addition, the Kaskas name is also referred to in agrrements the Hittite madewith other Anatolian kingdoms.The Kaskas first appeared in the Hittite history during the Ancient Kingdom Era.However, the first and mos detailed document that referred to the Kaskas is the prayertexts that belonged to King Arnuvanda I. and Queen Asmunikal of the New KingdomPeriod.The Kaskas lived in tribes independent of each other, and each tribe had its ownChief. As should be inferred, no central authority authority was in question. For thisreason, the were never able to dominate that nation. This warlike nation, having raidedover the Hittite unexpectelly, became part of their foreign policy and a problemnecessary to solve for every king newly throned. The State of Hittite, which came downunder the effect of the Aegean Immigrations, continued their struggle until the lastmoment. While, on the one land, they were fighting against the immigrant nations, theHittite had to continue their struggle with the Kaskas, on the other hand. Therefore, theirforces were broken into pieces and were worn out. The Kaskas caused the Hittite, themost powerful state of the 2. millenium B.C., to fall down by attacking them when theywere most weakened.

Country
Turkey
Keywords

Hititler, Tarih, History, Ege Göçleri, Gaşkalar

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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