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Hitit sanatı

Authors: Özgül, Evin;
Abstract

Anatolia has been a center for great civilizations since stone ages. For this reason this geographical area has been dominated by different societies and their languages.The Hittite empire was one of the great civilization ın the area who dominated the political destiny of Anatolia in between 1700-1200 B.C. Hittites created several noteworthy artistic studies during this period for example results of ex and on going excavations exhibits that several architectural ruins monumental and sculptures were produced during this time period.In these excavations several houses temples and palaces explored. Hittite architecture characteristically uses asymmetric figures instead of symmetric ones except monumental doors where symmetry is widely used.Religious buildings were the places where the religious objects protected. Initially these buildings were the natural places like caves etc. But later on these places replaced by men made buildings.This period?s architectural trend mostly concentrated on individualism. For instance they used separate walls instead of common walls used by several people. Houses mostly contain two separate rectangle rooms.Palaces are the combination of courtyards which combines several houses to each other. Courtyards has spaces for the people so that they can cross one side to the other. They paid extra attention for a well designed city.Sculpture had a special importance in their artistic perspectives. There are several god and goddess sculptures found in the excavations. These sculptures mostly made up of terracotta, gold, bronze, silver, ivory crystal. The figures which are on the monumental doors were three dimensional figuresSphinx and the lions were the main characters in these figures. Because they thought these lions can protect the city against to the enemy. Their culture influenced several sub-cultures on the other hand Egyptian and northern Syrian cultures influenced their culture as well.

Eski Taş Çağı'ndan beri Anadolu büyük uygarlıkların yurdu olmuştur. Bu nedenle bu coğrafyanın çok kavimli ve çok dilli bir yapısı olduğu görülmektedir.Anadolu'da büyük bir uygarlığın temsilcisi olan Hitit Devleti, M.Ö. 1700?1200 yılları arasında Anadolu'nun siyasal kaderine hâkim olmuştur. Hititler, bu 500 yıllık zaman dilimi içerisinde önemli sanat eserleri yaratmışlardır. Bunlar kazılar sonucu ortaya çıkarılan mimari kalıntılar, anıtsal kapılar ve heykeltraşlık eserleri olarak sıralanabilirler.Hitit şehirlerinde ev, tapınak ve saray yapıları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Hitit mimarisinin en önemli özelliği asimetrik bir düzende olmasıdır. Sadece anıtsal kapılarda ve şehir kapılarında simetri uygulanmıştır.Hitit dini yapılarının en eski biçimleri sadece kült eşyalarının konulduğu doğal yerlerden oluşmaktadır. Zamanla bu doğal kutsal alanlar yerine yapılar inşa edilmiştir.Bu döneme ait konut mimarisinde bireyselleştirme vardır. Örneğin; ortak duvar yerine her evin kendi duvarı olduğu görülmektedir. Hitit evinin planı dikdörtgen biçimli iki odadan oluşmaktadır.Hitit sarayları ise avlular etrafına toplanan çok sayıda evden oluşur. Hitit saray yapısının en önemli özelliği ayaklı geçitlerle oluşturulmuş avluların olmasıdır. Hititler planlı bir şehir oluşturmaya özen göstermişlerdir.Hitit sanatında heykelin çok büyük önemi ve anlamı vardır. Bu heykellerin çoğu tanrı ve tanrıça tasvirlerinden oluşmaktadır. Bunlar pişmiş toprak, altın, bronz, gümüş, fildişi, dağ kristali gibi malzemelerden yapılmış heykellerdir.Hitit şehir kapılarında yer alan heykeller üç boyutludur. Genellikle aslan ve sfenks tasvirlerinden oluşmaktadır. Bu heykelli kapıların şehri düşmanlara karşı koruduğu inancı vardır.Hitit sanatı çevre kültürleri etkilemekle beraber diğer kültürlerden de etkilenmiştir. Özellikle Mısır ve Kuzey Suriye kültürleri Hitit kültürünü etkilemiştir.

Country
Turkey
Keywords

Tarih, History, Hitit Sanatı, Art History, Mimari, Sanat Tarihi

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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