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Turkish Equivalents of Arabic Adjective Patterns in Karakhanid Turkish Qur'an Translation, Adjectival Participle and Derivational Suffixes

Authors: Sarıkaya, Bekir;

Turkish Equivalents of Arabic Adjective Patterns in Karakhanid Turkish Qur'an Translation, Adjectival Participle and Derivational Suffixes

Abstract

Researchers who benefited from the publications of Qur'an translations during the Karahanid period have contributed to the Turkish language by conducting studies on topics such as the beautiful names of Allah, religious terms, and abstract words. In their studies, they have documented that many of the words from Karahanid Turkish, which is a historical Turkish dialect, have become archaic in Contemporary T & uuml;rkiye Turkish and have documented the frequency of usage of Turkish verb bases. This study was conducted to contribute to the research on the identified topics. In the study, the archaic words, Turkish verb bases, and the equivalents of predetermined Arabic patterns in the Line-by-Line Qur'an Translation in Karahanid Turkish, without disrupting the syntax of the Qur'an, were examined morphologically and semantically. The study was delimited to the Surahs of Y & amacr;sin, Fath, and Mulk. In these Surahs, Turkish equivalents of the subjects and objects related to the execution of the verb, such as the f & amacr;'il, mef' & umacr;l, mub & aacute;lagha ism f & aacute;'il, al-sifa al-mushabbaha, ism tafd & icirc;l forms, were determined. Throughout the study, the equivalents were compared in terms of translation and meaning. The verb bases and derivatives in the equivalents were examined both in terms of their structures and meanings. In the translation, it has been observed that the translation of words is done more in the context of their own patterns rather than the syntax context. This situation has facilitated a better understanding of Arabic patterns and their equivalents in terms of structure and meaning, making comparison easier. Additionally, it has been noted that the passive, causative, and reflexive suffixes, which determine the relationships of subjects and objects in the execution of the verb, are frequently used in the translation, expanding the semantic framework of verbs. However, in the meanings, it is observed that these suffixes are not used much. According to the translation method based on meaning, situations arising from the translation that hinder the comparison of equivalents have also been identified. Expressing pattern equivalents with different word groups, such as adverbs and conjugated verbs, preferring different basic, derived, and figurative meanings of Arabic patterns, or selecting Arabic-Persian words as equivalents to Arabic words have hindered the comparison of patterns with their equivalents. Additionally, the fact that these issues observed in the translation are also present in the interpretation indicates that T & uuml;rkiye Turkish is a continuation of the Karahanid Turkish period. As a result of the comparisons, 177 examples were identified in the text as equivalent to the phrases ism f & amacr;'il, ism mef'& ucirc;l, mub & aacute;lagha ism f & amacr;'il, al-sifa al-mushabbaha, ism tafd & imacr;l. It was observed that 58 percent of the examples were adjectives expressing temporary adjectives and 42 percent were words or word groups using derivational suffixes that formed permanent adjectives. The high rate of adjectival participles, at 58 percent, can be considered as an effort to find adjectival participle equivalents for Arabic patterns. These data indicate that the adjectival participle structure is frequently used as a counterpart to Arabic patterns. It should be noted that the archaism rate of the words taken as examples in the context of Karahanl & imath; Turkish and T & uuml;rkiye Turkish is quite high, at around 89 percent. The number of words not used in T & uuml;rkiye Turkish is 85 (50 percent), while the number of words with differences in meaning or spelling is 65 (39 percent). Consequently, it becomes evident that T & uuml;rkiye Turkish is deprived of the richness of Turkish verb bases at a rate of 50 percent that did not reach from the Karahanl & imath; period to the present day. In sum, the translator has demonstrated the presence of distinctive usage patterns of Karahanl & imath; Turkish, a standardized language, in this work. The high proportion of Turkish words in the Karahanl & imath; era translation of the Qur'an, as evidenced by the translator's sensitivity to translation, indicates consideration for the Arabic-illiterate population. As understood from the conducted studies, this is also comprehensible by linguists. In order for contemporary readers to benefit from the legacy of Qur'an translations, researchers need to conduct studies on Qur'an translations. Qur'an translations are a rich source for many topics in language studies. Many areas remain unexplored, such as the parallel and past syntax of translation texts, Turkish equivalents of Arabic verbs and derivatives, and the semantic analysis of Turkish verbs.

Grant Support: The author (s) acknowledge that they received no external funding to support this research.

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Turkish Islamic Literature, Literary Studies (Other), Turkish, Qur'an Translation, Morphological Adjective, Karahanlı Turkish, Archaisms, Türk İslam Edebiyatı;Karahanlı Türkçesi;Kur’an Tercümesi;Fâil;Mef’ûl;Sıfat-ı Müşebbehe;Sıfat-fiil;Eskicillik., Object, Adjectival Participle, Present Participle, Karahanl & imath, Türk İslam Edebiyatı, Qur’an Translation, Turkish Islamic Literature;Karahanlı Turkish;Qur’an Translation;Present Participle;Object;Morphological Adjective;Adjectival Participle;Archaisms., Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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