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Dörtgensel NEC grupları

Authors: Durmaz, Mustafa;

Dörtgensel NEC grupları

Abstract

H, D are two model of the hyperbolic plane they are called the upper-half plane model and the unit disc model. The isometries of the hyperbolic plane consist of homeomorphisms which are translations, rotations, reflections, glide reflections and limit rotations. Reflections and glide reflections are orientation preserving isometries while the others not. Orientation reversing isometries can be written as the composition of even number of reflections. Orientation preserving isometries can be written as the composition of the odd number of reflections. All isometries of the hyperbolic plane form a group under composition of functions and this group is denoted by PGL(2,R). Any discrete subgroup of the group PGL(2,R) with compact quotient space is an NEC group. The reflections in the sides of a hyperbolic triangle with angles ? / k, ? / l, ? / m generate a NEC group where k, l, m are greater integers than two and a NEC group obtained in this way is called a triangle NEC group. Similarly, the reflections in the sides of a hyperbolic quadrilateral with angles ? / s, ? / t, ? / u, ? / v generate an NEC group where s, t, u, v are greater integers than two. Such a group is called a quadrilateral NEC group. Consider a hyperbolic quadrilateral with the above properties. If we consider the images of this quadrilateral under the elements of the quadrilateral NEC group generated by the reflections in the sides of the quadrilateral, we obtain a tessellation of the hyperbolic plane by quadrilaterals. The set of quadrilaterals with this property is called a tiling of the hyperbolic plane. Similarly, a tiling of the hyperbolic plane can be obtained by means of a triangle NEC group. Let ? and ?^ be quadrilateral and triangle NEC groups, respectively. If the group ? is a subgroup of the group ?^ with index k, then any cell of the tiling of the hyperbolic plane by quadrilaterals can be divided into k triangles and two tilings of the hyperbolic plane with this property are called a divisible tiling pair. In this thesis quadrilateral NEC groups have defined, some algebraic and geometrical relations between triangle and quadrilateral NEC groups have been investigated.

H ve D hiperbolik düzlemin üst yarı düzlem modeli ve birim daire modeli olarak adlandırılan iki farklı modelidir. Hiperbolik düzlemin izometrileri ötelemeler, dönmeler, yansımalar, ötelemeli yansımalar ve limit rotasyonlar olarak adlandırılan homeomorfizmalardan oluşur. Bunlardan yansımalar ve ötelemeli yansımalar yönlenmeyi korumayan izometriler, diğerleri ise yönlenmeyi koruyan izometrilerdir. Yönlenmeyi koruyan izometriler çift sayıda yansımanın, yönlenmeyi korumayan izometriler tek sayıda yansımanın bileşkesi olarak yazılabilirler. Hiperbolik düzlemin bütün izometrileri fonksiyonların bileşke işlemine göre bir grup oluşturur ve bu grup PGL(2,R) ile gösterilir. PGL(2,R) grubunun bölüm uzayı kompakt olan herhangi bir ayrık alt grubu bir NEC grubudur. İç açıları; k,l,m ikiden büyük tamsayılar olmak üzere ? / k, ? / l, ? / m olan bir hiperbolik üçgenin kenarları üzerindeki yansımalar bir NEC grubu üretir. Bu şekilde elde edilen bir NEC grubuna bir üçgensel NEC grubu denir. Benzer şekilde iç açıları; s, t, u, v ikiden büyük pozitif tamsayılar olmak üzere ? / s, ? / t, ? / u, ? / v olan hiperbolik dörtgenin kenarları üzerindeki yansımalar da bir NEC grubu üretir. Bu şekilde elde edilen bir grup dörtgensel NEC grubu olarak adlandırılır. Yukarıdaki özelliklere sahip bir hiperbolik dörtgeni ele alalım. Bu dörtgenin kenarları üzerindeki yansımalar tarafından üretilen dörtgensel NEC grubunun elemanları altında bu dörtgenin görüntüleri ele alınırsa hiperbolik düzlem dörtgenlere ayrılmış olur. Bu özellikteki dörtgenlerin kümesine hiperbolik düzlemin bir kaplaması denir. Benzer şekilde bir üçgensel NEC grubu yardımıyla da hiperbolik düzlemin bir kaplaması elde edilebilir. ? ve ?^ grupları sırasıyla dörtgensel ve üçgensel NEC grupları olsunlar. Eğer ? grubu ?^ grubunun k indeksli bir alt grubu ise hiperbolik düzlemin dörtgenler ile elde edilen kaplamasının herbir hücresi k tane üçgene bölünebilir ve hiperbolik düzlemin bu özellikteki iki kaplamasına bölünebilir kaplama ikilisi denir.Bu tezde dörtgensel NEC grupları tanımlanmış, üçgensel ve dörtgensel NEC grupları arasındaki bazı cebirsel ve geometrik ilişkiler incelenmiştir.

57

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Isometries, Hyperbolic Plane, Matematik, Hiperbolik Düzlem, İzometriler, Hyperbolic plane, Mathematics, 510

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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