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Achieving Linear CPU Scaling in WireGuard with an Efficient Multi-tunnel Architecture

Authors: Barone, Mirco; Miola, Davide; Parola, Federico; RIsso, Fulvio;

Achieving Linear CPU Scaling in WireGuard with an Efficient Multi-tunnel Architecture

Abstract

Despite widespread adoption, the WireGuard tunneling mechanism available in the Linux kernel is unable to provide high-speed connectivity in a site-to-site setup when routing through a standard single-tunnel configuration. In fact, its capability to scale with the number of available CPU cores is limited, even in the presence of a software architecture that is intrinsically parallel. In this paper we investigate the multi-core scalability properties of WireGuard, identifying current limitations and proposing an improved design that aids effective scaling, reaching a near-linear throughput increase depending on the number of involved CPU cores. Furthermore, we propose a multi-tunnel approach to parallelize stages of the WireGuard pipeline limited to a single core per tunnel and propose a modified architecture tailored to multi-tunnel support. This architecture shows an almost 2x performance improvement over a multi-tunnel deployment of vanilla WireGuard, and supports 18x times the throughput of a single tunnel setup on our machines.

Country
Italy
Related Organizations
Keywords

WireGuard; Tunneling; Multi-core scalability

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green