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Tarhana üretiminde balık etinin kullanımı

Utilization of fish meat in tarhana production
Authors: Erdem, Emine;

Tarhana üretiminde balık etinin kullanımı

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, geleneksel tahıl esaslı fermente bir gıda olan tarhananın hayvansal birprotein kaynağı olan balık eti ile zenginleştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, un yerine%5, %10, %15 ve %20 oranlarında yıkanmış balık kıyması ikame edilerek hazırlanantarhana hamuru ve tarhana örneklerinin bazı kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik özelliklerindemeydana gelen değişimler incelenmiştir.Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, tarhana hamurunun fermantasyonu sırasında günlerebağlı olarak hamurların asitlik derecelerinde artış olmuş (p<0.05) buna paralel olarak dapH değelerinde azalma görülmüştür (p<0.05). Fermantasyon periyodunda günlere göretoplam Laktik Asit Bakterisi (LAB) sayısı önemli değişim göstermiş özellikle 2.gündensonra azalmıştır (p<0.05). Toplam Mezofil Aerob Bakteri (TMAB) ve toplam Maya-Küf sayısında azalma görülmüş ancak bu değişim uygulamalar arasında farklılığa nedenolmamıştır (p>0.05). Fermantasyon boyunca hiçbir örnekte Koliform grubu bakteriyerastlanmamıştır.Tarhana örneklerinde balık kıyması ikame oranına bağlı olarak protein oranı ve külmiktarının arttığı görülmüştür (p<0.05). Tarhana örneklerinin kuru madde ve yağdeğerlerinde balık kıyması ikamesinin etkisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Tarhanaörneklerinin asitlik derecesi ve pH değerlerinde paralel bir değişim olmasına rağmenörneklerde istatistiki anlamda önemli düzeyde bir değişiklik oluşturmadığı görülmüştür.Balık eti ikame oranının artışı tüm tarhana örneklerinin amino asit miktarlarınıönemli düzeyde etkilemiş (p<0.05); lisin, lösin, izolösin, metiyonin, fenilalanin, treonin,histidin, arginin, sistin, aspartik asit, glutamik asit, aspargin, glisin, alanin, glutenin,prolin aminoasitlerinde belirgin bir artış meydana getirirken, triptofan aminoasidindeazalmaya neden olmuştur (p<0.05). Serin ve valin aminoasitlerinde %15 balık kıymasıikame oranından itibaren artış gözlenmiştir (p<0.05).Tirosin aminoasidi ise %10-15balık kıyması ikame oranları arasında artış göstermiştir (p<0.05). Tarhana örnekleriarasında duyusal özelliklerden; renk, tat, aroma ve genel kabul açısından önemli farkgörülürken (p<0.05), koku ve ağız hissi özelliklerinde önemli bir düzeyde değişiklikmeydana gelmemiştir(p>0.05).Sonuç olarak, %15 balık kıyması ikame oranının tarhana üretiminde başarılı birşekilde kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Zenginleştirme, Tarhana, Balık Eti, Protein, Amino Asit.

The aim of this study was the fortification of tarhana, a traditional fermented fod,with fish meat, which is a good source of animal protein. Flour in the tarhana formulaewas substituted with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% washed minced fish. Chemical andmicrobiological changes were evaluated in fermented tarhana doughs and tarhanapowders after fermentation period.Increasing the fermentation time significantly increased the acidity degrees (p<0.05)and decreased the pH values of all samples (p<0.05). The LAB showed a significantreduction during fermentation time especially after the second say of fermentation. Inall treatments TMAB and yeasts-moulds counts were decreased too, but this changeresulted no significant difference between the treatments (p>0.05). On the other hand nocoliform bacteria were determined in tarhana doughs.As expected substition of flour with fish mince showed a significant increase(p<0.05) in crude protein and ash content of dried tarhana samples. The dry matter andfat amounts of dried samples were not affected by the addition of fished mincesignificantly (p>0.05). Acidity degrees and pH values of final tarhana samples werechanged corresponding to the fermentation period. But this change resulted nosignificance between treatments (p>0.05).There was a significant change (p<0.05) in all amino acid amounts of final tarhanasamples. Increasing the substititon of flour with fish mince; increased the amounts oflysine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, histidine, arginine,cystine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glycine, alanine, glutamin, prolinessignificanly (p<0.05) but decreased the triptophane of tarhanas (p<0.05). Serine andvaline contents of tarhanas were increased after 15% substitution of flour with mincedfish (p<0.05).Tyrosine contents of tarhanas were increased between 10-15% substitutionratios (p<0.05). Significant diffrences between the sensory properties of tarhanasamples; colour, taste, flavour and overall acceptability were found (p<0.05). Nosignificant difference between smell and mouth feell properties of tarhana samples werefound. (p<0.05).As a result 15% substitution level of fish mince could be successfully used inproduction of tarhana samples.Key Words: Fortification, Tarhana, Fish Mince, Protein, Amino Acid.

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Turkey
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Keywords

570, Protein, Fortification, Proteins, Balık Eti, 630, Fish Mince, Amino Asit, Amino Acid, Tarhana, Enrichment, Fish meat, Food Engineering, Zenginleştirme, Gıda Mühendisliği

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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