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Niğde Sancağı 1259 (M. 1843) senesi Cizye Defteri

Cizye Notebook of Niğde in 1259 (A.C. 1843)
Authors: İyi, Yusuf;

Niğde Sancağı 1259 (M. 1843) senesi Cizye Defteri

Abstract

SUMMARY CİZYE NOTEBOOK OF Nİ?DE IN 1259 The Ottoman Empire had had wide areas in short time by conquests and nonmuslim people in these areas accepted it. Taxes that called haraç and cizye had been taken from nonmuslims and so it had been made safe for them. While the haraç was a kind of tax connected with territory, cizye was a tax of head. The cizye for the first time had been started in the Period of the Hulafa-i Raşidin as head tax, and also the Ottomans had applied it in the same style. When the cizye had been taken, responsible for tax had been divided into three as best quality, middle quality and little quality. Both of taxes had been applied on nonmuslims. Incomes of cizye had gone into state treasury directly. On the other hand, the other taxes had been used for public works of the area. Incomes of cizye had varied according to the regions. After XVIIth century, amount of cizye had been incresed because of decrease in the state treasury. Cizye naturally had been taken in Niğde Sancağı because of that nonmuslims had lived in there. Non-muslims in Niğde had formed Turkish-Orthodoks, Armenian and Greeks. In year of 1259, qualities, addresses and jobs of responsible for tax of cizye in Niğde are given in the Chapter of Supplements.

ÖZET 1259 (M.1843) YILI NİĞDE CİZYE DEFTERİ Fetihler yolu ile kısa sürede geniş topraklara sahip olan Osmanlı Devleti, buralarda yaşayan gayr-i müslim teba tarafından benimsenmiştir. Gayr-i müslimlerden haraç ve cizye vergisi alınmış ve onlara can güvenliği temin edilmiştir. Haraç toprağa bağlı bir vergi çeşidiyken, cizye baş vergisidir. Cizye ilk kez Dört Halife Dönemi'nde baş vergisi olarak başlatılmıştır ve Osmanlı da aynen uygulanmıştır. Cizye toplanırken mükellefler âlâ (yüksek), evsat (orta) ve edna (düşük) olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu iki vergi çeşidi gayr-i müslimler üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Cizye gelirleri doğrudan devlet hazinesine girerken, diğerleri toplandığı bölgenin imar işlerinde kullanılmıştır. Cizye gelirleri bölgelere göre değişiklik göstermiştir. XVII. Yüzyıldan itibaren devlet hazinesinin zayıflamasıyla cizye miktarı arttırılmıştır. Niğde Sancağı'nda da gayr-i müslimler yaşadığından, doğal olarak burada da cizye toplanmıştır. Niğde'deki gayr-i müslimler, Ortodoks Türkler, Ermeniler ve Rumlar' dan oluşmuştur. 1259 senesinde Niğde'deki cizye mükelleflerinin eşgalleri, adresleri ve meslekleri Ekler bölümünde verilmiştir.

79

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Tarih, History, Niğde Sanjak, Cizye Notebook, Registers, Ottoman State

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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