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The Traces of Egyptian Revivalism in Istanbul

İstanbul’da Neo-Mısır Üslubunun İzleri
Authors: Tanman, Mehmet; Gümüş, Müjde Dila;

The Traces of Egyptian Revivalism in Istanbul

Abstract

Egyptian revivalism is a style based on the reuse of forms from Ancient Egyptian art and architecture. The style became popular in the West in the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century. During that period, Istanbul’s cosmopolitan architectural environment was open to quickly embracing Western trends. This study focuses on the traces of Egyptian revivalism in the city’s buildings, monuments, and tombs—an area of research that has been largely overlooked and has not yet been the subject of a comprehensive study. Through the field studies conducted as part of our research, we were able to identify a collection of examples within the city. In addition to the formal analysis, the examples have been evaluated in the context of the environments to which their patrons and architects belonged in the scope of the article. Thus, it was aimed to contextualize designs featuring Egyptian revivalist influences within Istanbul’s socio-cultural environment. The identified examples are categorized into two groups in the article. The first group constitutes examples where the style is reflected in architectural design. These include the Abbas Halim Paşa Harem Mansion in Heybeliada, the Muslim Cemetery gate in Heybeliada, the Panciris family tomb, as well as obelisk and pyramid-shaped monuments and tombs. Traces of Egyptian revivalism can also be followed in the majority of these examples’ decorative programs. In the second group’s examples, various symbols from Ancient Egyptian culture have been used within an eclectic whole. These are mostly apartment buildings constructed during the first quarter of the twentieth century in Pera. The evaluation of the examples reveals that Egyptian revivalism influenced designs in Istanbul chronologically range from the declaration of the Tanzimat in 1839 to the 1920s. The style was introduced to Istanbul as part of the modernization efforts during the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid. The first examples of this style were implemented in monuments and tombs constructed by the allied countries during the Crimean War in the 1850s. These early examples were followed by obelisk-shaped tombstones and gravestones commissioned by numerous local patrons, both Muslim and non-Muslim, which continued to appear until the mid-twentieth century. Gaspare Fossati, Carlo Giovanni Battista Marochetti, Alexander Vallaury, and probably Vedad (Tek) Bey are detected among the designers of the obelisk formed statues/tombs in Istanbul. The examples that are entirely in the Egyptian revivalist style, from design to decorative program, belong to individuals with direct connections to Egypt, such as members of the Khedive family and the Greek Panciris family originated from Alexandria. These works, which required a certain level of visual knowledge of Egyptian culture, were designed by the renowned architects of the period, Hovsep Aznavur and Perikles Fotiadis. The patrons of the designs incorporating references to Egyptian culture within an eclectic whole are highly diverse. Two of the identified architects are Kyrikiades and Yenidünya. Among the patrons of the works discussed in this group are Selim Hannah Frej, the Ravuna family, Servet Paşa, Achilles Papadopoulos, and Mikhail Svoronos, none of whom were found to have any direct connection to Egypt. It appears more accurate to attribute these examples to random selections within an eclectic approach rather than to a direct interest in Egyptian culture.

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Art History, History of Architecture, Sanat Tarihi, Mimarlık Tarihi

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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