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Danos em sementes de milho em função do mecanismo dosador de semeadora-adubadora

Authors: Serrano, Aline Cristina;

Danos em sementes de milho em função do mecanismo dosador de semeadora-adubadora

Abstract

Programas de controle de qualidade de sementes são cada vez mais importantes, visto que o mercado é cada vez mais competitivo. O processo de semeadura deve acontecer de forma a evitar que danificações mecânicas ocorram e venham a prejudicar a qualidade da semente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito dos danos mecânicos causados pelos mecanismos dosadores de sementes, sobre a qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de milho de formatos diferentes e seu desempenho na produtividade. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Unesp/Jaboticabal, SP, e no laboratório de Controle da Qualidade na unidade da Syngenta Seeds na cidade de Matão, SP. Utilizou-se esquema fatorial 2x3 sob delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com tratamentos sob dois tipos de mecanismos dosadores de sementes (mecânico e pneumático), em função de três formatos de sementes de milho (chata, espessa e redonda), com quatro repetições, perfazendo um total de 24 parcelas. As amostras de sementes foram coletadas após a passagem pelos sistemas dosadores. Foram analisadas as variáveis referentes a qualidade física e fisiológica: teor de água, testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, frio, emergência em solo e determinação de danos mecânicos. Variáveis referentes a cultura: número médio de dias para emergência das plântulas de milho, distribuição longitudinal de plântulas, altura de inserção da espiga viável, altura de plantas e diâmetro do colmo e produtividade de grãos. Os dois mecanismos dosadores testados não influenciaram as sementes, exceto para o teste de frio que estima o potencial germinativo de sementes sob condições adversas. Devido à melhor adaptação aos discos, a semente chata apresentou menores danos em relação às demais. Os mecanismos dosadores testados e o tamanho da semente não interferem na produtividade de grãos

The seed quality control program has become ever more important, since their market is increasingly competitive. The seeding process should occur in order to avoid mechanical damage which can affect the seed quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical damage caused in three shapes of a hybrid corn seeds from Syngenta Seeds and in two types of planter (mechanical and pneumatic) identifying possible causes of physical and physiological changes. The experiment was conducted at the Farm Teaching and Research of UNESP / Jaboticabal, SP, and in the laboratory Quality Control of Syngenta Seeds in Matão, SP. It was used a 2x3 factorial experiment in randomized blocks with treatments under two types of seed metering mechanisms (mechanical and pneumatic), according to three formats of corn seeds (boring, thick and round) with four replications, for a total of 24 plots. The seed samples were collected before and after passing through the dispensing systems of the planters. We analyzed the variables of physical and physiological quality: moisture content, germination, accelerated aging, cold, emergency soil and determination of mechanical damage. Variables related to culture the average number of days to emergence of corn seedlings, longitudinal distribution of seedlings, height of ear insertion viable, plant height and stem diameter and yield. The two mechanism (mechanical and pneumatic) tested did not affect the seed quality, except for the cold test that estimates the potential germination of seeds under adverse conditions. Due to better adapt to the disks, flat seed showed less damage than the others. The meter mechanism and tested seed size does not interfere in grain yield

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Sementes - Fisiologia, Semeadeira-adubadeira, Sementes - Qualidade, Seeds, Milho - Semente, Milho - Semeadura, Máquinas agrícolas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green