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Caracterização do óleo de frutos de tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) para produção de biodiesel

Authors: Zaninetti, Rean Augusto;

Caracterização do óleo de frutos de tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) para produção de biodiesel

Abstract

Na região Amazônica Sul - Ocidental encontram-se espécies cujos frutos encerram quantidade apreciável de óleo com valor econômico para diferentes aplicações industriais, como a produção de biodiesel. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial do óleo de tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) para produção de biodiesel. Os frutos de tucumã foram colhidos em áreas ao longo das BR- 364 e BR-317 a aproximadamente 150 km de Rio Branco - AC. Dos frutos, avaliou-se a massa, e posteriormente foram despolpados com a finalidade de separá-los em: polpa (epicarpo + mesocarpo), castanha ou caroço (endocarpo) e amêndoas (semente retirado do interior do endocarpo), cujas massas também foram determinadas. A extração do óleo de cada fração foi feita por prensagem. Foram avaliados os teores de lipídios totais na amêndoa e na polpa, o rendimento aparente da prensa e as características físico-químicas e cromatográficas do óleo extraído. O valor médio de lipídios totais na amêndoa foi de 21,9%, enquanto que o valor médio de lipídios totais na polpa foi de 31,9%. Observou-se um rendimento aparente de 70-73%. Os valores médios de densidade, viscosidade, índice de acidez, índice de iodo, índice de peróxido e índice de saponificação foram, respectivamente, 0,903 ± 0,003 g cm-3; 76,3 ± 1,6 mm2 s-1; 7,11 ± 1,47 mg KOH g-1; 113,84 ± 3,28 g I2 10-2 g-1; 30,79 ± 0,39 meq kg-1; 211,38 ± 1,68 mg KOH g-1. Atrávez da cromatografia gasosa pode se determinar que 56,5% da fração dos ácidos graxo do óleo de tucumã foi constituída por ácidos graxos saturados. O tucumanzeiro é uma espécie que possui boa produtividade em óleo, mesmo em solos ácidos e com baixa fertilidade, apresentando potencial para ser utilizado como uma fonte adicional de renda pelas comunidades da Amazônia

In southwestern Amazonia, various plant species produce oil-rich fruits that have economic potential for the production of biodiesel. To evaluate the potential of oils extracted from tucumã palm fruits (Astrocaryum aculeatum), we collected fruits from pasture areas along the BR-364 and BR-317 highways, approximately 150-km from Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, Fruits were weighed, depulped, and separated into three components: pulp (epicarp + mesocarp), nut or seed (endocarp), and kernel (extracted from the endocarp). Each component was weighed and subjected to oil extraction using a mechanical press. The oil obtained was analyzed for density and viscosity, as well as acidity, iodine, peroxide, and saponification values. The total lipids average content in the kernel was 21.9%, while the mean total lipids content in the pulp was 31.9%. An apparent yield of 70-73% was observed. Physicochemical data analyses revealed significant differences in viscosity and acidity index values among fruit samples. Average density, iodine, peroxide, and saponification values were 0.903 ± 0.003 g cm-3; 76.3 ± 1.6 mm2 s-1; 7,11 ± 1.47 mg KOH g-1; 113.84 ± 3.28 g I2 10-2 g-1; 30.79 ± 0.39 meq kg-1; 211.38 ± 1.68 mg KOH g-1, respectively. Through gas chromatography could determine that 56.5% of fat acids portion in the tucumã oil was saturated fat acids. The tucumã palm is a good oil producer specie, even in acid and low fertility soils, showing a potential to be used as an additional income to be used by the Amazonic communities

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Oleo de palmeira, Viscosity, Rendimento de prensa, Oil fuel, Biodiesel, Extraction press efficiency, Palm, Iodine index

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green