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Restauração da qualidade do solo utilizando sistema agroflorestal com base agroecológica

Authors: Santos, Melissa Alexandre;

Restauração da qualidade do solo utilizando sistema agroflorestal com base agroecológica

Abstract

A agricultura que se baseia em práticas que visem a preservação da biodiversidade e em práticas ecológicas na produção de alimentos tem se tornado cada vez mais importante e viabilizado como alternativa para substituir sistemas convencionais. Sistemas agroecológicos se mostram mais eficazes quanto às demandas de segurança alimentar e nutricional, fortalecendo as mudanças nos sistemas tradicionais do setor agropecuário. Os atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo, responsáveis pela estruturação, fertilidade e biodiversidade da vida presente, podem ser influenciados diretamente através do manejo e utilização, e devem ser estudados. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do solo, através dos atributos do solo (físicos e químicos) em área manejada com sistema agroflorestal. O experimento foi desenvolvido em propriedade privada, denominada Rancho Luciana, na cidade de Panorama/SP, localizada na região do extremo oeste do Estado de São Paulo, as margens do Rio Paraná, na divisa com o Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. O clima é Aw (tropical com estação seca), com verão quente e chuvoso de outubro a março e inverno seco e ameno de baixa precipitação pluvial de abril a setembro. O solo do local é classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com 4 tratamentos e 4 repetições, sendo eles: T1 – área manejada com sistema agroflorestal desde 2014; T2 – área manejada com sistema agroflorestal desde 2018; T3 – área de mata nativa as margens do Rio Paraná e T4 – área de pastagem que está em pousio desde 2017. A condição atual do sistema mata nativa foi considerado como referência quanto a qualidade de solo, pois representa a condição natural de uso do solo. Foram avaliados os seguintes atributos do solo: Estabilidade de agregados, porosidade e densidade do solo, infiltração de água no solo, resistência e umidade gravimétrica, análise granulométrica (textura do solo) e floculação, fracionamento físico da MOS; densidade de partículas; teores de fósforo, potássio, magnésio e cálcio, matéria orgânica, pH, acidez potencial, somas de bases, capacidade de troca catiônica e saturação por bases. Os dados foram testados quanto à normalidade dos erros e homogeneidade de variância. Os resultados foram analisados efetuando-se a análise de variância, correlação simples e teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para a comparação de médias. Os resultados mostraram que os tratamentos com espécies arbóreas inseridas (Mata Nativa e SAF’s 2014 e 2018) foram superiores quanto à conservação dos atributos físicos e químicos do solo, no qual obtiveram resultados semelhantes.

Agriculture that is based on practices aimed at preserving biodiversity and ecological practices in food production has become increasingly important and viable as an alternative to replace conventional systems. Agroecological systems are more effective in terms of food and nutrition security demands, strengthening changes in traditional systems in the agricultural sector. The physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil, responsible for the structuring, fertility and biodiversity of present life, can be directly influenced through management and use, and must be studied. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the quality of the soil, through the attributes of the soil (physical and chemical) in an area managed with an agroforestry system. The experiment was carried out on a private property, called Rancho Luciana, in the city of Panorama/SP, located in the extreme west region of the State of São Paulo, on the banks of the Paraná River, on the border with the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. The climate is Aw (tropical with dry season), with hot and rainy summers from October to March and dry and mild winters with low rainfall from April to September. The soil at the site is classified as Red Yellow Latosol. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 treatments and 4 replications, as follows: T1 – area managed with an agroforestry system since 2014; T2 - area managed with an agroforestry system since 2018; T3 - area of native forest on the banks of the Paraná River and T4 - area of pasture that has been fallow since 2017. The current condition of the native forest system was considered as a reference for soil quality, as it represents the natural condition of land use. The following soil attributes were evaluated: Aggregate stability, soil porosity and density, soil water infiltration, gravimetric strength and moisture, granulometric analysis (soil texture) and flocculation, physical fractionation of SOM; particle density; phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium contents, organic matter, pH, potential acidity, base sums, cation exchange capacity and base saturation. Data were tested for normality of errors and homogeneity of variance. The results were analyzed by performing analysis of variance, simple correlation and Tukey's test at 5% probability for the comparison of means. The results showed that treatments with inserted tree species (Mata Nativa and SAF's 2014 and 2018) were superior in terms of conservation of physical and chemical soil attributes, in which they obtained similar results.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

CAPES: 001

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Soil management, Física do solo, Manejo do solo, Sustainable development, Soil physics, Desenvolvimento sustentável, Family farming, Agricultura familiar

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Italian National Biodiversity Future Center