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Preparo profundo do solo em faixas e calagem na cana-de-açúcar: características físicas do solo

Authors: Matusevicius, Ana Paula Oliveira;

Preparo profundo do solo em faixas e calagem na cana-de-açúcar: características físicas do solo

Abstract

With the development, search for higher productivity, market and expansion of sugarcane cultivation, see a scenario of strong and intense mechanization of planting and harvesting in the sugar cane production, the soil is subjected to forces and pressures that affect strong compaction, increasing its density, reducing empty spaces, consequently its aeration, water availability and thus reducing root growth, productivity and longevity of the cane field, in addition to increasing the risks of erosion due to the reduction in the speed of water infiltration. With the mechanization and the use of satellite guidance systems, where it is possible, in addition to controlling machine traffic, to plan and carry out soil preparation, new systems for their form of the cane field shave emerged, such as fur rowing only at the site planting. With the introduction of deep preparation systems in strips, doubt shave arisen regarding the location (in total area or just in the preparation range), the depth (superficial or in depth) and the quantities to be applied of limestone. Therefore, evaluations of the physical attributes of the soil and stalk productivity and of the sugar produced, with a regrowth of the stalk, need to be carried out to guide the best way of preparing the soil. In the present experiment the objective was to evaluate the seat tributes in soils with clayey texture (Red Latosol) and sandy loam (Red-Yellow Latosol). Randomized block designs with four replications were used. The treatments were: Conventional Preparation (PC) without limestone; PC with limestone; Deep Preparation (PP) without lime stone and PP with limestone. Samples were collected in the smallest lines (non-traffic able area) and in the largest lines (traffic able are aby machines) at depth soft 0.0-0.20, 0.20-0.40, 0.40-0.60, 0, 60- 0.80 and 0.8-1.00 m, in each plot, to assess the physical characteristics of the soil. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, and when significant, the means were compared by the t test, at 5% probability. The conventional tillage with liming impaired the stability of aggregates up to 20 cm deep, and increased the RP up to 40 cm deep in the non-traffable zone. Liming in deep tillage in sandy soil reduced the microporosity of the soil at a depth of 40-60 cm and increased the macroporosity in the layer from 80 to 100 cm in the non-traffable zone, but did not change the porosity of the soil in a conventional tillage system. The treatments with limestone affected the physical attributes of the soil, however, limestone provided higher root production.

A intensa mecanização do plantio e a colheita no sistema de produção da cana-de-açúcar submete o solo a forças e pressões que acometem a uma forte compactação, aumentando a densidade, diminuindo os espaços vazios, e consequentemente a aeração, a infiltração de água e o crescimento radicular. Para minimizar os efeitos da compactação do solo, novos sistemas para a reforma do canavial têm surgido, tais como o preparo profundo em faixas, que realiza o preparo do solo apenas na zona de sulcação para plantio da cana-de-açúcar. Com a introdução de sistemas de preparo profundo em faixas, têm surgido dúvidas referentes ao local (em área total ou apenas na faixa de preparo), a profundidade (superficial ou em profundidade) e as quantidades a serem aplicadas de calcário. Por isso, avaliações dos atributos físicos do solo e produtividade de colmos e do açúcar produzido, com efeito na rebrota da soqueira, necessitam ser realizadas. Foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo um em solo de textura argilosa (Latossolo Vermelho) e outro em de textura franco-arenosa (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo). Em cada experimento, objetivou-se avaliar os atributos físicos do solo em função do modo de preparo e da calagem. Em ambos os experimentos utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: Preparo Convencional (PC) sem calcário; PC com calcário; Preparo Profundo (PP) sem calcário e PP com calcário. Foram coletadas amostras nas menores entrelinhas (área não trafegável) e nas maiores entrelinhas (área trafegável por máquinas) nas profundidades de 0,0-0,20, 0,20-0,40, 0,40-0,60, 0,60-0,80 e 0,8-1,00 m, em cada parcela, para avaliar as características físicas do solo, assim como a produção de raízes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e quando significativa as médias foram comparadas pelo teste t, à 5% de probabilidade. O preparo convencional com calagem prejudicou a estabilidade de agregados até 20 cm de profundidade, e aumentou a RP até 40 cm de profundidade na zona não trafegável. A calagem em preparo profundo no solo arenoso reduziu a microporosidade do solo na profundidade de 40-60 cm e aumentou a macroporosidade na camada de 80 a 100 cm na zona não trafegável, porém não altera a porosidade do solo em sistema de preparo convencional. Os tratamentos com uso de calcário afetaram os atributos físicos do solo, no entanto, o calcário proporcionou maior produção de raízes.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Country
Brazil
Keywords

preparo do solo, cana-de-açúcar, soil porosity, conventional tillage, raiz, Saccharum spp, soil compaction, soil impediment to roots, calagem, soil physical attributes, física do solo

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green