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O ensino de probabilidade no 5º ano do ensino fundamental de escolas da rede municipal

Authors: Trejo, Adriane Buchwitz Del;

O ensino de probabilidade no 5º ano do ensino fundamental de escolas da rede municipal

Abstract

Esta pesquisa está vinculada à Linha 2 - Processos Formativos, Ensino e Aprendizagem do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da FCT/ UNESP, tendo como questão central de pesquisa: como se relacionam os documentos curriculares oficiais e o ensino de Probabilidade que ocorre no 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental em termos do desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades associadas a este conceito? A questão de pesquisa originou o objetivo de analisar o processo de ensino de Probabilidade no 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental por meio dos documentos curriculares oficiais e da prática declarada de professores. Por conseguinte, temos os objetivos específicos: 1) analisar documentos curriculares oficiais, identificando tanto competências e habilidades associadas ao conceito de Probabilidade, bem como propostas para o ensino deste objeto de conhecimento nos anos iniciais; 2) investigar se e como as noções de Probabilidade são contempladas nos planos de ensino e nos planos de aula do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental das escolas campo de investigação; 3) analisar o processo de ensino de Probabilidade no 5º ano de escolas da rede municipal de Presidente Prudente – SP e 4) elucidar tendências de ensino nas práticas declaradas e nos documentos curriculares para o ensino de Probabilidade. Mediante uma abordagem qualitativa e de delineamento descritivo explicativo, realizamos procedimentos metodológicos que se identificam com: pesquisa bibliográfica para levantamento de referencial teórico; análise documental sobre a temática disponibilizada nos documentos curriculares oficiais, que norteiam práticas docentes; levantamento de dados e análise documental em planos de ensino e planos de aula de cinco escolas públicas municipais de Presidente Prudente – SP; e entrevista semiestruturada com seis docentes atuantes no campo de investigação. Com essas ações, coletamos dados quanto ao ensino de Probabilidade no 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental e os analisamos à luz do referencial teórico adotado. Analisamos os dados das entrevistas utilizando o método de Análise de Conteúdo e triangulamos com outros dados, a fim de responder à questão da pesquisa. A análise dos dados revelou que o ensino de Probabilidade no 5º ano do EF nas salas de aulas se relaciona de forma superficial com o que é proposto nos documentos curriculares. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que ainda não são exploradas e são pouco desenvolvidas as competências e habilidades associadas a este conteúdo em sala de aula, nos alertando em termos de oportunizar ao aluno o desenvolvimento de conceitos, procedimentos e atitudes associados à Probabilidade. Além disso, verificamos a necessidade de um maior embasamento teórico e metodológico, tanto dos referenciais curriculares no ensino de Probabilidade, quanto dos cursos de formação inicial e dos momentos de formação continuada para os professores que atuam nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Esperamos que os resultados da pesquisa possam elucidar referenciais curriculares e orientações didático-pedagógicas que contribuam para o ensino de Probabilidade no 5º ano do EF, bem com motivar futuras pesquisas nessa área.

This research is connected to the Line 2 - Formation Processes, Teaching and Learning of the Program of Graduate Studies in Education at FCT/UNESP, and the central research question is: How do curricular official documents relate to the probabilities teaching that take place in the elementary school’s 5th grade when it comes to the development of skills and abilities associated with the concept of probabilities? The research question gave rise to the goal of analysing the probabilities teaching process in elementary school’s 5th grade through the examination of official curricular documents and also by studying the teachers’ practices. Therefore, these are the specific goals of the research: 1) analyse the official curricular documents, identifying the skills and abilities associated with the probability concept, as well as with the teaching plans of this topic to the initial grades; 2) investigate if and how the notions of probability appear in the teaching plans and in the classes plans created for the 5th grade of elementary school in the schools chosen; 3) analyse how probability is taught in the 5th grade of municipal schools in Presidente Prudente-SP; 4) clarify the teaching tendencies in the teachers’ practice and in the curricular documents regarding the probability topic. From a qualitative approach and through descriptive and explanatory outlining, we carry out methodological procedures were carried out: bibliographic research to build the theoretical framework; analysis of documents regarding the topic that are available in official curriculum data, which guides the teachers’ practices; data gathering and documental analysis of teaching and classes plans of five different municipal schools of Presidente Prudente - SP; conducting a semi structured interview with six teachers who work within the field of study. Thus, we gathered data related to the elementary school’s 5th grade and analysed it from the theoretical framework’s perspective. We analyzed the interview data using the Content Analysis method and we triangulate with other data, aiming to answer the research question. The data analysis revealed that the teaching of probability in the elementary school’s 5th grade is superficially related to what is described in the curricular documents. The research results show that the skills and abilities related to the topic are still not yet explored and poorly developed in class, calling us attention to the need to give the student the opportunity to develop the concepts, procedures and attitudes related with Probability. Furthermore, we verified the need for better theoretical and methodological background in the curricular framework of probability teaching and also in the initial training courses and in the ongoing studies of teachers who work in the elementary school’s first grades. We hope the results of the research are able to clarify curricular framework, didactic and pedagogical guidelines that contribute to a better teaching of the probabilities topic, and are also able to motivate future research on the same topic.

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Anos iniciais, Elementary school, Ensino fundamental, Probabilities teaching, Statistics education, Educação estatística, Initial grades, Educação matemática, Ensino de probabilidade, Mathematics education

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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