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Resiliência em atletas paralímpicos no esporte de alto rendimento

Authors: Oliveira, Marcela Fernanda Tomé de;

Resiliência em atletas paralímpicos no esporte de alto rendimento

Abstract

Este trabalho focaliza o fenômeno resiliência psicológica no contexto esportivo, trazendo como artistas principais atletas paralímpicos de alto rendimento. Diante de sua complexidade, a resiliência pode ser entendida como adaptação à adversidade, que auxiliaria atletas na superação das situações de vulnerabilidade, permitindo que persistam e prosperem no esporte em busca de melhores resultados. Nessa perspectiva, foi possível identificar níveis de adaptação psicossocial positiva, em maior ou menor grau, frente à eventos importantes de vida bem como aqueles relacionados aos aspectos pessoais e profissionais desses atletas. Para isso, foram utilizados dois instrumentos de medida: um Questionário de Perfil Demográfico e uma Escala de Aplicabilidade e Resiliência, adaptados para o ambiente virtual. O estudo de natureza quali-quantitativa contou com a participação de 53 atletas da seleção brasileira paralímpica, de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 30,6 anos e desvio padrão 8,8. Atletas esses de 12 modalidades esportivas individuais e participantes dos Jogos Paralímpicos, realizados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2016. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de redes sociais Messenger ® do Facebook ® e e-mails. Para as análises dos resultados foram construídas tabelas, quadros e gráficos e calculados a média aritmética e o desvio padrão, bem como aplicado o teste não paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo apontaram que 81% dos atletas apresentaram características mais resilientes e 19% menos resilientes. Dentre esses atletas, 72% são classificados com patologia tipo congênita e 28% adquirida. Uma análise mais detalhada mostrou ainda que atletas de nível superior, com patologia tipo congênita, medalhistas, que possuem religião e do sexo feminino apresentaram características mais resilientes. Do mesmo modo, entre as modalidades esportivas com números de participantes mais expressivos, apenas o halterofilismo e o judô contaram com todos atletas apresentando características mais resilientes.

This work focuses on the psychological resilience phenomenon in the sports context, bringing high performance Paralympic athletes as main artists. In view of its complexity, resilience can be understood as adaptation to adversity, which would assist athletes in overcoming situations of vulnerability, allowing them to persist and prosper in sport in search of better results. In this perspective, it was possible to identify levels of positive psychosocial adaptation, to a greater or lesser degree, in the face of important life events as well as those related to the personal and professional aspects of these athletes. For this, two measurement instruments were used: a Demographic Profile Questionnaire and an Applicability and Resilience Scale, adapted for the virtual environment. The quali-quantitative study included the participation of 53 athletes from the Brazilian Paralympic team, of both sexes, with an average age of 30.6 years and standard deviation 8.8. Athletes from 12 individual sports and participants in the Paralympic Games, held in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in the year 2016. Data collection was carried out through Facebook ® Messenger ® social networks and e-mails. For the analysis of the results, tables, charts and graphs were constructed and the arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated, as well as the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The results obtained in the present study showed that 81% of the athletes had more resilient characteristics and 19% less resilient. Among these athletes, 72% are classified as having congenital pathology and 28% acquired. A more detailed analysis also showed that higher level athletes, with congenital pathology, medalists, who have religion and female, had more resilient characteristics. Likewise, among sports with more expressive numbers of participants, only weightlifting and judo counted on all athletes with more resilient characteristics.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC

CAPES: 001.

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Technology, Resilience, Resiliência, Atletas paralímpicos, Sport psychology, High performance, Alto rendimento, Psicologia do esporte, Paralympic athletes, Tecnologias

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green