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Filogenia e delimitação molecular de espécies do gênero Mazama Rafinesque, 1817 (Cetartiodactyla:Cervidae)

Authors: Peres, Pedro Henrique de Faria;

Filogenia e delimitação molecular de espécies do gênero Mazama Rafinesque, 1817 (Cetartiodactyla:Cervidae)

Abstract

The red brocket deer (Mazama americana Erxleben, 1777)) is considered cryptic species complex whose polyphyletic state and chromosomal differences have been already demonstrated. These chromossomal differences act as a reproductive barrier that can lead to isolation, depending on the level of divergence, thus, reinforce the need for taxonomic revision. In this sense a species revalidation has just been proposed for Mazama rufa Illiger 1811 in the Atlantic Forest. The resolution of the remaning taxonomic uncertainty is vital in this taxa assessment and conservation, once there is several sampling gaps and other potential species to be evaluated. Therefore, the present work sought to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships between the chromosomal variants and to delimit potential new species for the M. americana complex from molecular data. The validity of M. rufa was tested and aspects of its distribution and conservation status were also inferred. A set of specimens with chromosomal information (cytotype) and another set of fecal samples collected in nature were sequenced for part of the mitochondrial regions Cytb, D-loop and ND5. Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyzes were performed and coalescent methods of molecular species delimitation (GMYC and PTP) were applied to identify molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). The phylogenetic hypothesis demonstrated a reciprocal monophiletic relationship between all cytotypes, with the exception of Carajás. The red brocket deers M. americana (sensu strictu) and M. rufa were recovered as sisters and valid species. On the other hand, Juína and Rondônia cytotypes should represent two distinct species from M. americana. The M. rufa species is composed of Paraná and Carajás cytotypes, has a wide distribution from the south of Brazil up to the south-southeast of the Amazon Forest, and potentially will not be categorized as threatened with extinction. The results demonstrated that even the minimal chromosomal difference (a tandem fusion) can imply different species, depending on other factors as the time since divergence.

O veado-mateiro (Mazama americana Erxleben, 1777) representa um complexo de espécies crípticas cujo caráter polifilético e diferenças cromossômicas já foram demonstrados. Dependendo do grau de divergência, essas diferenças são uma barreira reprodutiva que levam ao isolamento e reforçam a necessidade de revisão taxonômica do grupo. Assim, foi proposta a revalidação da espécie Mazama rufa Illiger 1811 para Mata Atlântica. A resolução da incerteza taxonômica que ainda cerca o complexo é vital na avaliação e conservação do grupo, posto que várias lacunas amostrais e espécies em potencial carecem de avalição. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho buscou avaliar as relações filogenéticas entre as variantes cromossômicas do complexo M. americana e delimitar potenciais novas espécies a partir de dados moleculares. Também foi testada a validade da espécie M. rufa e inferidos aspectos de sua distribuição e estado de conservação. Um conjunto de espécimes com informação cromossômica (citótipo) e outro, de amostras fecais coletadas na natureza, foram sequenciados para parte dos genes mitocondriais Cytb, D-loop e ND5. Foram realizadas análises filogenéticas por meio de inferência Bayesiana e Máxima Verossimilhança e aplicados métodos coalescentes de delimitação molecular de espécie (GMYC e PTP) para identificar unidades taxonômicas operacionais moleculares (MOTUs). A hipótese filogenética mostrou relação de monofilia recíproca entre todos os citótipos, com exceção do citótipo Carajás. As espécies M. americana (sensu strictu) e M. rufa foram consideradas como espécies irmãs e válidas. Já os citótipos Juína e Rondônia representam duas potenciais espécies distintas de M. americana. A espécie M. rufa é composta pelos citótipos Paraná e Carajás, apresenta ampla distribuição, do sul do Brasil até a faixa sul-sudeste da Amazônia, e potencialmente não deve ser classificada como ameaçada de extinção. Ficou demonstrado que até a menor diferença cromossômica (uma fusão em tandem) pode implicar em espécies distintas, dependendo do tempo de divergência.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Processo FAPESP 2017/02200-8

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Cervidae, Odocoileini, Molecular operational taxonomic units, Biodiversidade, DNA Fecal, Taxonomia Integrativa

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green