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Influência da granulometria do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar na solubilização de hemicelulose e produção de açúcares fermentáveis

Authors: Alves, Rosângela Cristina;

Influência da granulometria do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar na solubilização de hemicelulose e produção de açúcares fermentáveis

Abstract

A grande capacidade da agricultura sucroalcooleira, aliada às suas dimensões continentais, faz do Brasil o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar do mundo. O bagaço desta matéria-prima é um material lignocelulósico, remanescente da moagem dos seus colmos, é composto principalmente por celulose, hemicelulose e lignina, numa estrutura vegetal organizada que deve ser desestruturada mediante pré-tratamentos para disponibilizar a fração polissacarídica (celulose e hemicelulose). Objetivou-se com a presente pesquisa determinar a influência da granulometria do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar na extração/solubilização de hemicelulose na forma de polissacarídeo (macromolécula) e monossacarídeo (xilose). A extração da hemicelulose macromolecular foi realizada em condições otimizadas para bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, 6 % H2O2 m/v a 25 °C durante 4 h, utilizando bagaço selecionado em peneiras de 16, 30, 40, 50 mesh e base (material que passou pela peneira de 50 mesh). Para extração de hemicelulose na forma monomérica foi utilizado um pré-tratamento com ácido sulfúrico diluído 20 % (m/m), sendo que as amostras foram autoclavadas a 121 ºC por 1 h; a xilose no filtrado foi quantificado por HPLC. Foi realizada também a condutividade, determinação do teor de cinzas totais, solubilidade da hemicelulose. Os resíduos sólidos dos pré-tratamentos foram submetidos a hidrólise enzimática (12 FPU/g – Cellic Ctec) para determinação do rendimento em glicose. O bagaço in natura apresentou conteúdo de glucana de 42,25 %, arabinana de 2,62 %, xilana de 25,39 %, ácido acético de 3,38 % e lignina de 13,83 %. A xilana solubilizada em meio alcalino apresentou variação de 36,18 % (bagaço retido na peneira de 16 mesh) a 71,43 % (bagaço retido na base, inferior a 50 mesh), quanto menor o tamanho da partícula, maior a quantidade de xilana solubilizada. Houve uma tendência nos valores obtidos de glucana, conforme diminuiu o tamanho de partícula, aumentou o teor desse polissacarídeo no bagaço pré-tratado em meio ácido. Os valores variaram de 44,28 % (bagaço retido em peneira de 16 mesh) a 66,70 % (bagaço retido na peneira de 50 mesh). Para os materiais pré-tratados em meio alcalino retidos em peneiras de 40, 50 mesh e base ficaram acima do valor encontrado para o bagaço in natura. Considerando como uma característica importante da hemicelulose, todas as amostras apresentaram solubilidade acima de 96 %. A hidrólise enzimática do material pré-tratado em meio alcalino resultou em maior rendimento em glicose (65,37 % de glicose) para todas as frações/granulometrias estudadas, em comparação com meio ácido (32,12 % de glicose), mostrando tendência em aumento com diminuição da granulometria. Os resultados evidenciaram que a granulometria do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar tem influência na extração/solubilização de hemicelulose na forma de polissacarídeo (polimérica) e monossacarídeo (xilose). Conclui-se que, um melhor aproveitamento em conjunto da hemicelulose e celulose ocorreu com as condições experimentais de estudo do pré-tratamento alcalino.

The great capacity of sugar-alcohol agriculture, combined with its continental dimensions, makes Brazil the largest producer of sugar cane in the world. The bagasse of this raw material is a lignocellulosic material, reminiscent of the milling of its stems, is composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, in an organized vegetable structure that must be destructured by means of pre-treatments to provide the polysaccharide fraction (cellulose and hemicellulose). The objective of this research was to determine the influence of sugarcane bagasse granulometry on the extraction/solubilization of hemicellulose in the form of polysaccharide (macromolecule) and monosaccharide (xylose). Macromolecular hemicellulose extraction was performed under optimized conditions for sugarcane bagasse, 6 % H2O2 m / v at 25 °C for 4 h, using bagasse selected in 16, 30, 40, 50 mesh sieves and base (material which passed through the 50 mesh screen). For the extraction of hemicellulose in the monomeric form, a pretreatment with sulfuric acid diluted 20 % (m/m) was used, and the samples were autoclaved at 121 ºC for 1 h; the xylose in the filtrate was quantified by HPLC. Conductivity, determination of total ash content and solubility of hemicellulose were also performed. The solid residues of the pre-treatments were submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis (12 FPU/g - Cellic Ctec) to determine the glucose yield. The bagasse in natura had glucan content of 42.25 %, arabinana of 2.62 %, xylan of 25.39 %, acetic acid of 3.38 % and lignin of 13.83 %. The solubilized xylan in alkaline medium showed a variation of 36.18 % (bagasse retained in the 16 mesh sieve) at 71.43 % (bagasse retained at the base, less than 50 mesh), the smaller the particle size, the greater the amount of solubilized xylan. There was a tendency in the values obtained of glucana, as the particle size decreased, the content of this polysaccharide increased in the acid treated bagasse. The values varied from 44.28 % (bagasse retained in 16 mesh sieve) to 66.70 % (bagasse retained in the 50 mesh sieve). For materials pretreated in alkaline medium retained in 40, 50 mesh and base sieves were above the value found for the in natura bagasse. Considering as an important characteristic of hemicellulose, all samples had solubility above 96 %. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated material in alkaline medium resulted in a higher glucose yield (65.37 % of glucose) for all fractions/granulometry studied, compared to acid medium (32.12 % glucose), showing a trend in increase with decreasing granulometry. The results showed that the sugarcane bagasse granulometry influences the extraction/solubilization of hemicellulose in the form of polysaccharide (polymeric) and monosaccharide (xylose). It was concluded that a better use of hemicellulose and cellulose occurred with experimental conditions of the alkaline pretreatment.

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Extração ácida e alcalina, Biomassa lignocelulósica, Fracionamento por peneiras, Caracterização química, Tamanho de partícula, Comminution, Acid and alkaline extraction, Chemical characterization, Particle size, Lignocellulosic biomass

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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