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Autoridade, autoritarismo e autonomia docente: representações de professores e alunos

Authors: Ravagnani, Maria Cecília Arantes Nogueira;

Autoridade, autoritarismo e autonomia docente: representações de professores e alunos

Abstract

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal investigar as representações de autoridade, autonomia e autoritarismo de professores e alunos de 7 a 14 anos de duas escolas estaduais do interior paulista. Como referencial, partimos especialmente das concepções políticas de autoridade e autoritarismo de Hanna Arendt e das idéias de José Contreras, João Barroso e J. Gimeno Sacristán sobre autonomia docente. Aproximamos-nos, também, dos estudos psicogenéticos de Jean Piaget e Juan Delval, bem como da teoria das representações sociais de Serge Moscovici, para analisar as representações das noções estudadas. O instrumento compunha-se de sete histórias que relatavam situações fictícias de sala de aula envolvendo diferentes conflitos entre os personagens e em que estava em jogo ora a autoridade docente, ora o autoritarismo e ora a autonomia do professor. Empregando-se a entrevista e princípios do método clínico piagetiano, os depoimentos de alunos e professores foram analisados tendo em vista o estabelecimento de níveis de desenvolvimento das representações. Os resultados mostraram que as representações de autoridade, autoritarismo e autonomia docente de crianças e adolescentes se diferenciam conforme a idade. O mesmo não ocorre com os professores, embora seus depoimentos tenham mostrado a mesma seqüência de níveis, com características surpreendentemente semelhantes às dos alunos. Percebeu-se que as diferenças encontradas entre os dois grupos são devidas à posição e função ocupadas na comunidade escolar. Se os professores não conseguem perceber adequadamente as noções de autonomia e autoridade, como poderão exercer seu papel profissional em sala de aula e em seu espaço de trabalho? Concluiu-se que as políticas públicas educacionais podem não estar contribuindo para a formação profissional dos professores o que os torna despreparados para as adversidades da sala de aula.

The present work had, as main objective, to investigate the 7 to 14 year-old students' authority, autonomy and teachers' authoritarianism representations in two state schools in a town of São Paulo state. As a reference, we especially started from Hanna Arendt political conceptions of authority and authoritarianism and José Contreras's, João Barroso's and J. Gimeno Sacristán's ideas on educational autonomy. We also approached Jean Piaget's and Juan Delval's psychogenetics studies, as well as Serge Moscovici's theory on social representations, to analyze the representations of the studied notions. The instrument was composed of seven histories that have told fictitious situations of class room involving different conflicts among the characters, where it were in risk sometimes the educational authority, other times the authoritarianism and teacher's autonomy. It was used the interview and the piagetian clinical method, the teachers' and students' testimonies were analyzed under the establishment of levels of representation development. The results showed that the children's and adolescents authority, authoritarianism autonomy and representations, differ according to the age. The same doesn't happen with the teachers, although its testimonies have shown the same sequence of levels, with characteristics surprisingly similar to the students. It was noticed that the differences found among the two groups are due to the position and function occupied in the school community. If the teachers don't get to appropriately notice the autonomy notions and authority, how can they exercise its professional role in class room and in its workplace? It was concluded that the educational public politics might not be contributing for the teachers' professional formation that turns them unprepared for the adversities in the class room.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Educação escolar, Professores - Avaliação

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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