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Biblos-e Archivo
Article . 2024
License: CC BY NC ND
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Procesos de Aprendizaje en la Terapia Psicológica

Learning process in psychotherapy
Authors: Froxán Parga, María Xesús;

Procesos de Aprendizaje en la Terapia Psicológica

Abstract

En este trabajo se expone la necesidad de potenciar la investigación de procesos como el camino más adecuado para conocer y explicar el proceso terapéutico al tiempo que se cuestiona la metodología utilizada en la investigación de resultados, predominante en la actualidad para el estudio de la intervención clínica: la comparación de grupos, la asignación de sujetos al azar o la clasificación con etiquetas diagnósticas que dificultan el estudio del proceso terapéutico y la identificación de los elementos que hacen que un tratamiento tenga determinado efecto. Frente a este tipo de investigaciones, se presentan una serie de trabajos que defienden el uso de metodología observacional para la identificación de los procesos de aprendizaje que serían responsables del cambio en terapia, así como el análisis de la interacción terapéutica desde una perspectiva funcional: teniendo en cuenta que la terapia psicológica es fundamentalmente hablada, se plantea que la forma óptima de analizarla es a partir del estudio del intercambio verbal entre cliente y terapeuta. Se presenta un sistema de codificación de la interacción verbal que los autores proponen como herramienta para identificar las funciones de la conducta verbal del terapeuta durante el proceso de intervención clínica y en los distintos trabajos se analizan, entre otros, el papel que desempeñan las instrucciones, los procesos de reforzamiento y control discriminativo, la transferencia de funciones a través de emparejamientos o el lenguaje como proceso colaborativo.

In this work we expose the need to promote process research as the most appropriate way to understand and explain the therapeutic process while questioning the methodology used in results research, currently predominant for the study of clinical intervention: comparison of groups, random assignment of subjects or classification with diagnostic labels that make it difficult to study the therapeutic process and identify the elements that make a treatment have a certain effect. Against this type of research, a series of studies are presented that defend the use of observational methodology for the identification of the learning processes that would be responsible for change in therapy, as well as the analysis of therapeutic interaction from a functional perspective: taking into account that psychological therapy is fundamentally spoken, it is proposed that the optimal way to analyze it is based on the study of the verbal interaction between client and therapist. Therefore, we present a coding system of verbal interaction that we propose as a tool to identify the functions of the therapist’s verbal behavior during the clinical intervention process. In addition, in the different works, an analysis has been carried out on the role played by instructions, the processes of reinforcement and discriminative control, the transfer of functions through pairings and language as a collaborative process.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Process Research, Proceso terapéutico, Metodología observacional, Therapeutic process, Observational Methodology, Investigación de resultados, Results Research, Psicología, Investigación de procesos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green