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Enfermedad mental. Problemas filosóficos.

Authors: Caballero Santos, Carlota Emilia;

Enfermedad mental. Problemas filosóficos.

Abstract

Se expondrá el debate existente entre las visiones objetivistas (naturalistas) y normativistas (constructivistas) en relación a las teorías modernas que versan acerca de los conceptos de salud y enfermedad. En conexión con esto, se mostrarán las ambigüedades inherentes a nociones tales como bienestar, habilidad y discapacidad, así como a la definición de salud y enfermedad mental. Por otro lado, serán descritas las principales perspectivas filosóficas en lo que a la relación entre lo mental y lo corporal -más concretamente, lo cerebral- refiere, cuya importancia para la problemática de la enfermedad mental se hace evidente. Así mismo, serán analizadas las contrariedades presentes en el diagnóstico y las nosologías psiquiátricas, lo que ha desembocado en el surgimiento de una nueva propuesta de diagnóstico (RDoC) dentro de la Psiquiatría biomédica. Finalmente, se examinará cómo la renovación de los presupuestos instaurados por la tradición fenomenológica merleau-pontiana y que toma forma en el desarrollo de las ciencias cognitivas, particularmente en la perspectiva de la cognición encarnada (embodied cognition), está experimentando un importante auge en tiempos recientes, irrumpiendo con gran fuerza en el panorama científico, donde todo apunta a que alcanzará importantes avances en los próximos años. La cognición encarnada se nos presenta así como una perspectiva alternativa harto alentadora tanto para el corpus teórico como para la praxis médica en torno a las enfermedades mentales.

It will be exposed the current debate between objectivist accounts (naturalists) and normativist accounts (constructivists) related to modern theories about health and disease. In that connection, it will be shown the inherent ambiguity in some concepts such as well-being, ability and disability, as well as the definition of health and mental illness. Furthermore, it will be outlined the main philosophical perspectives linked to the relationship between the mental and the physical (specifically the cerebral). Here, it is evident their importance for the issue of mental illness. Moreover, it will be analysed the inconsistencies in the diagnosis and the phychiatric nosologies. This has lead to the occurrence of a new diagnosis proposal (RDoC) in the Biomedical Psychiatry. Lastly, it will be studied how the renewal of the premises installed by the Merleau-Ponty phenomenological tradition which takes shape in the development of cognitive sciences, particularly in the embodied cognition, is flourishing nowadays and having a growing impact on Science. It is thought to have substantial progress in coming years. Embodied cognition appears to be an alternative perspective regarding mental illness for both theoretical corpus and medical practice.

Universidad de Sevilla. Máster en Filosofía y Cultura Moderna.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Mente, Health, Mental illness, Cognición encarnada, Salud, Body, Cuerpo, Enfermedad mental, Mind, Embodied cognition

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green