The present Msc thesis deals with classical topics of topology and it has been written, referring to [C. Kosniowski, Introduction to Algebraic Topology, Cambridge University Press, 1980, Cambridge], which is a well known textbook of algebraic topology. It has been selected a list of main exercises from this reference, whose solutions were not directly available, or subject to differerent methods. In fact combinatorial methods have been preferred and the result is a self-contained dissertation on the theory of the fundamental group and of the coverings. Finally, there are some recent problems in geometric group theory which are related to the presence of finitely presented groups which appear naturally as fundamental groups.