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Zarar sigortalarında sigortacının kanuni halefiyeti

Authors: Görgülü, Fatma;

Zarar sigortalarında sigortacının kanuni halefiyeti

Abstract

The Turkish Commercial Code stipulates that insurer who indemnifies his insured against the loss of goods shall be subrogated (ex lege) as a matter of law to the insured’s rights against a third party who caused the loss. The insurer's subrogation in terms of property insurances is regulated in Article 1472 under the title of property insurances and Article 1481 under the title of liability insurances. The subrogation institution, which is essentially an obligations law institution and comes to the fore in cases where there are tripartite legal relations, has been brought to a special regulation with these provisions, which are mandatory and exceptional in terms of insurance law. However, there are still a number of problems that the current regulation cannot satisfactorily solve and even the doctrine often does not find the right answer. In order to reveal these uncertainties and deficiencies, the subject of The Legal Subrogation of Insurer in Damage Insurance has been analysed in detail and as a whole, and solutions to the problems have been proposed. This institution, which is at the centre of insurance law and is frequently applied, has been examined in comparison with the German and Swiss legal systems and the deficiencies of our current regulation have been tried to be determined. However, the fact that Turkey is a candidate country for the European Union and that it has close relations with EU member countries has made the Principles of European Insurance Contract (PEICL) important for our study; therefore, to the extent it coincides, it has been examined in our study. In addition, in order to determine the extent to which the decisions of the German and Swiss Federal Courts on the relevant situations are compatible with the Supreme Court decisions, the German and Swiss Federal Court decisions on the same issue were determined in response to the decisions of the Supreme Court regarding the legal subrogation of the insurer and the comparison of these decisions was subject to our investigation.

6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu, sigortacının sigortalının zararını karşıladıktan sonra onun zarar sorumluna karşı sahip olduğu alacağa kanun gereği (ex lege) halef olacağını düzenlemektedir. Mal sigortaları bakımından sigortacının halefiyeti, mal sigortaları başlığı altında 1472’nci maddede; sorumluluk sigortaları bakımından ise sorumluluk sigortaları başlığı altında 1481’inci maddede düzenlenmiştir. Esas olarak bir borçlar hukuku kurumu olan ve üçlü ilişkilerde gündeme gelen halefiyet kurumu, sigorta hukuku yönünden emredici ve istisnai nitelikte olan bu hükümler ile özel bir düzenlemeye kavuşturulmuştur. Ancak hala mevcut düzenlemenin tatmin edici bir şekilde çözemediği ve öğretinin bile çoğu zaman doğru cevabı bulamadığı birtakım sorunlar varlığını sürdürmektedir. Bu belirsizliklerin ve eksikliklerin ortaya konulması amacıyla “zarar sigortalarında sigortacının kanuni halefiyeti” konusu detaylı ve bir bütün olarak ele alınmış, problemlere yönelik çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Sigorta hukukunun merkezinde yer alan ve sıkça uygulama alanı bulan bu kurum, Alman ve İsviçre hukuk sistemleri ile mukayeseli olarak incelenmiş mevcut düzenlememizin eksik kalan yönleri saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği üyelik sürecine dâhil olması ve AB üyesi ülkeler ile sıkı ilişkiler içinde olması, Avrupa Sigorta Sözleşmesi Hukuku İlkeleri’ni çalışmamız bakımından önemli hale getirmiş, bu nedenle denk düştüğü ölçüde çalışmamızda inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. Alman ve İsviçre Federal Mahkemesi’nin ilgili durumlara yönelik kararlarının Yargıtay kararları ile ne ölçüde bağdaştığının tespiti için sigortacının kanuni halefiyetine ilişkin Yargıtay kararlarına karşılık olarak aynı konuda Alman ve İsviçre Federal Mahkeme kararları tespit edilmiş ve bu kararların kıyaslanması araştırmamıza konu edilmiştir.

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

10:101 PEICL, Turkey, Usage privilege, The Prohibition of Enrichment, Sigorta hukuku, 95c sVVG, The Right of Recourse of the Insurer Based on Subrogation Recourse Against the Insured’s Relative, Türkiye, Quota Priority of the Insured, § 86 dVVG, Zenginleşme Yasağı, Insurance law, 6762 Sayılı TTK, Sigortacının Halefiyete Dayalı Rücu Hakkı, 6012 Sayılı TTK, Sigortalının Yakınlarına Rücu Hakkı, Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, Turkish Commercial Code No. 6762, Sigortalının Payına İlişkin Öncelik Hakkı, Art

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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