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İmam Muhammed’in el-Asl adlı eserinde istihsan

Authors: Öncel, Özlem Kâhya;

İmam Muhammed’in el-Asl adlı eserinde istihsan

Abstract

Hanefî Mezhebi’nde kıyasın katılıklarını yumuşatmak ve karşılaşılan meselelerde daha tatmin edici çözümlere ulaşabilmek için geliştirilen istihsan prensibinin terim olarak ortaya çıkışı Hicrî II. yy.’a tekâbul etmektedir. İstihsan kavramını teknik anlamı ile ilk kullanan isim ise Ebû Hanîfe’dir. Hanefî hukuk düşüncesi için anahtar kavramlardan biri olan istihsanın, usûl eserlerinde sınırları çizilen belirli çerçeveler içerisine yerleştirilmemiş ilk halini ortaya koyabilmek, istihsanın mâhiyetinin tam olarak kavranabilmesi için son derece önemlidir. Bu ise ancak istihsanın ilk elden kaynaklara dayanılarak incelenmesi ile mümkündür. Bu çalışmada da sadece Hanefî Mezhebi’nin değil; bir bütün olarak İslam Hukuku’nun ilk hacimli kaynağı olan ve kendisinden sonra kaleme alınan bütün fıkıh kitapları üzerinde etkisi bulunan el-Asl adlı eserin tamamı üzerinde istihsan merkezli bir inceleme yapılmış; bu sayede istihsan kavramının ilk dönem uygulamasında nasıl algılandığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Aynı zamanda müstakil bir bölümde, istihsan kavramının klasik dönem usûl eserlerinde işlenişine de yer verilerek, teorideki istihsan ile uygulamadaki istihsan arasında mukâyeseye gidebilme imkânı sağlanmıştır. Araştırmalarımız neticesinde ulaştığımız sonuç, el-Asl’daki istihsan anlayışının Hanefî usûl literatüründe ortaya konulan istihsan teorisinden daha genel olduğu; bir diğer anlatımla uygulamadaki istihsanın teorideki istihsanı kampsam bakımından aştığı yönündedir. Yine araştırmalarımız, teorideki istihsan ile pratikteki istihsanın zaman zaman çatıştığını; usûl literatüründe, istihsanla ilgili bazı konularda sergilenen sert tavrın uygulamaya aynı ölçüde yansımadığını göstermektedir.

emergence of the principle of istihsan as a term, which was developed in the Hanafi school to soften the rigidity of qiyas and to reach more satisfactory solutions to the problems encountered, was introduced in the second century AH. Ebû Hanîfe was the first to use the concept of istihsan in its technical meaning. It is extremely important to fully comprehend the nature of istihsan which is one of the key concepts for the Hanafi legal thought, to present the early form of istihsan as it was placed within the boundaries that were drawn in the usûl works. This is possible only by examining istihsan based on first-hand sources. In this study, an istihsan-centered analysis was made on the entire work called al-Asl, which was the first voluminous source in the entire Islamic law literature and in this way, it has been tried to determine how the concept of istihsan was perceived in its early application. Additionally, by examining, in an independent section, the concept of istihsan in the classical usûl works, it was rendered possible to make a comparison between the theory of istihsan and its practice. As a result of our research we have reached a conclusion that the understanding of istihsan in al-Asl is more general than the theory of istihsan as it was depicted in the Hanafi usūl literature. Furthermore, this research shows that istihsan in theory and istihsan in practice occasionally conflicted with each other.

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

İmam Muhammed Qiyas, Islamic law, İstihsan, al-Asl, el-Asl, Kıyas, İslam hukuku, Imam Mohammad, Istihsan

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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