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Deniz Hukukunda brokerlik müessesesi

Authors: Ünsal, Muhammed;

Deniz Hukukunda brokerlik müessesesi

Abstract

Deniz ticaretinin genel ağırlığını bir eşyanın bir yerden başka bir yere taşınması, yani taşımacılık oluşturmaktadır. Her ne kadar gemi satımı ve gemi kira sözleşmesi, deniz ticareti bakımından önemli bir yer tutsa da; bu sözleşmelerin yapılmasının da nihai sebebi, sözleşmenin konusunu oluşturan geminin deniz taşımacılığında kullanılacak olmasıdır. Taşıma faaliyeti, bir gemi talebi ve bu talebi karşılayacak bir gemi arzı ile söz konusu olabilir. Çalışma konumuzu oluşturan brokerler, belirtmiş olduğumuz arz talep dengesine göre sözleşmelerin kurulmasına aracılık ederler. Mesleki deneyim, piyasa ve navlun bilgisine sahip olmaları sebebiyle brokerler, bu arz ve talep dengesini, tarafların da menfaatlerini gözeterek karşılanmasını sağlar. Bu şekilde brokerlik, deniz ticaretinin gerçekleşmesinde önemli payı olan bir müessese konumuna gelmektedir.Brokerler, esas olarak gemi alım satımı, gemi kira sözleşmeleri ve navlun sözleşmelerinin kurulmasına aracılık ederler. Taraflar farklı ülkelerde olabilir veya sözleşme yapılacak taraf ülke mevzuatına hakim olmayabilir. Bunun yanında, dil, zaman ve coğrafya eksiklikleri sebebiyle taraflar navlun piyasalarına hakim olamayabilir ve kendileri için en uygun sözleşmeyi yapma imkanını tek başına sağlayamayabilirler. Deniz ticaretinde bu aracılık işlemlerini forwarder şirketleri, gemi acente ve brokerleri yapmaktadırlar. Çalışmamız kapsamında ise brokerlik incelenmiştir.Brokerler, yalnızca tarafları bir araya getirmezler, bunun yanında deniz hukukundan kaynaklanan bir takım ek iş ve işlemleri de üstlenebilmektedirler. Çalışmamızda öncelikle brokerlik müessesesi ele alınmış, benzer kurumlarla karşılaştırılarak, hukuki çerçeve çizilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise, brokerin deniz ticaretindeki rolü incelenmiş, uygulamada brokerin faaliyetinin kapsamı çizilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmamızın üçüncü bölümünde ise brokerlik sözleşmesi hem İngiliz hukuku hem Türk-İsviçre hukuku bağlamında, bu müesseseye ilişkin temel esaslar ortaya çıkarılarak, özellikle brokerin ücret hakkı, hukuki sorumluluğu, taraflar arasında akdedilen standart çarter partilere ilişkin brokerin hak ve yükümlülükleri, temsil yetkisinin kullanılması, sözleşmenin sona ermesi, zamanaşımı vb. gibi hususlar incelenmiştir.

The main component of maritime is to carry goods from one place to other. While the sale&purchase of ships and demise or bareboat charter takes an important place at the maritime, main reason of itself actually related with transportation. Carrying of good can be done only by the demand and supply of a ship in order to carry out the transportation. Brokers, the subject of that dissertation, are agents to mediate between the demand and supply to form a contract according to the balance of them. With their professional experience, knowledge of market and freight, their vast web of acquaintance, the brokers ensure that the demand and supply meet in an optimizing way to protect their interest. Thus, brokers become an important institution to ensure realization of maritime. The brokers mainly intermediate contract by charterparty, like Ship Sale&Purchase, Demise or Bareboat Charter, Voyage of Time Charter. The parties may be in different countries or one contracted party may not have acquaintance with law of that country. Moreover parties may not have known well about the feright market because of inadeuqacy of language, goegraphical and time reasons and they cannot meet the requirements to form the best contract on their own alone. The mediating transactions in maritime are done by freight forwarder, the agents and brokers. However, only brokers are dealt with in that study as others are not within the scope of it.Brokers are not only to bring the parties together but also undertake some additional transactions stem from maritime law. That study deals with mainly brokers firstly through the general rules, makes comparative analysis with the similar institutions and designs its legal framework. The second chapter studies the role of borkers in marine trade and the scope of brokers in practice is tried to be determined. The third chapter studies the contract of brokers both in context of Brtitish and Turkish-Swiss legal frameworks; the basic elements of that institution, especially the right of wage, the liability the rights and of brokers in charterparties, authority, the expiration of contract, prescription are taken into consideration.

199

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Simsar, Sea trade, Transportation, Deniz, Maritime, Brokerage contract, Hukuk, Private Law, Brokerage, Broker, Ticaret Shipbroker, Tellal, Law of the sea, Law

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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