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Osmanlı Klasik Dönemde cebir

Authors: Baga, Elif;

Osmanlı Klasik Dönemde cebir

Abstract

To give an authoritative generalisation about the history of Mathematics in general and Algebra in particular, it is necessary to make an evaluation by taking all the history of such sciences into consideration. Fort the time being, because of a lack of enough studies on some periods of the history of these sciences, it is difficult to make such an evaluation. Classical period of Ottoman Empire (VIII./XIV?th century) is amongst these periods, a century which, for some, was the end of scientific tradition in Islamic civilisation. The scientific-cultural tradition of this period is important, because it is a natural continuation of the scientific-cultural tradition of Islamic civilisation. For this reason, `Algebra in the Classical Period of Ottoman Empire? is taken as a subject matter of this study. To fulfil the aim of this study, five works of Mathematics and Algebra that were well accepted in the scholary circles and were in use in the teaching institutions, are selected for close examination. To give a backgroud to Algebra studies in the Ottoman Empire, beginning from that of Khwarizmi, essential works of Algebra up to the Ottoman period are examined. Form these examinations, it is concluded that, Algebra became an independent science during this period as a result of studies for clarifying the scope of this science, defining its terms and classifying the existing and newly produced terms in more systematic way. Detailed and more systematic informations in algebraic calculus in this period shows that importance was given to the calculus nature of this science in the Ottoman period. Again, proposing new techniques and methods in solving algebraic equations, widening the scope of the theory of algebraic equations by adding new chapter on unsolved equations and arguing that it is impossible to limit the number of equations seem to be new and important contribution of this period. Finally, it can be said that Ottoman matematicians separated geometric elements from Algebra, but when found it necessary, they used algebraic terms and equations in geometry and topography; hence they showed that they did not limit its scope. For they applied Algebra in areas such as inheritance law, architecture, decoration and astronomy.Keywords: Ottoman, Algebra, Algebra in the Ottoman Empire, Mathematics in the Ottoman Empire, History of Algebra

Genelde matematik, özelde de cebir ilimlerinin başlangıcından bu güne kadarki seyri hakkında sağlam genellemeler sunmak için mezkûr ilimlerin tarihinin bütününü göz önüne alarak değerlendirmeler yapmak zaruridir. Ancak bu ilimlerin tarihteki bazı dönemleri ile ilgili araştırmalar yok denecek kadar az olduğundan söz konusu amaç gerçekleştirilememektedir. O dönemlerden biri de İslam medeniyetindeki bilim geleneğinin sona erdiği iddia edilen VIII./XIV. asır ile başlayan Osmanlı klasik dönemidir. Bu dönemin bilim-kültür geleneği, İslam medeniyeti bilim-kültür geleneğinin doğal bir devamı olması hasebiyle dikkate değer bir ehemmiyeti hâizdir. Bu ehemmiyete binâen bu çalışmanın konusu ?Osmanlı Klasik Dönemde Cebir? olarak belirlenmiştir. Amacın hâsıl olması için dönemin ilim çevrelerinde ve eğitim kurumlarında mütedâvil cebir ve matematik kitaplarından belli kriterlere uygun beş tanesi tetkik edilmek üzere seçilmiştir. Osmanlı cebir çalışmalarının arkaplanını sunmak için de Harezmî'den Osmanlıya kadarki süreçte ortaya konulmuş belli başlı cebir eserleri incelenmiştir. Tüm bu araştırmaların neticesinde; Osmanlı klasik döneminde hem cebir ilminin kendisinin hem de kavramlarının tam tanımlarının yapılması, hâlihazırdaki ve yeni üretilen kavramların belirli bir tasnif ve sistem içerisinde ele alınmasıyla cebir ilminin tam bağımsız bir ilim olarak temayüz ettiği söylenebilir. Ayrıca öncesine nispetle cebirsel ifadelerle hesap işlemlerindeki teferruatlı ve tertipli bilgiler Osmanlı cebirinin hisâbî karakterine verilen önemi göstermektedir. Buna ilave olarak cebirsel denklemlerin çözümünde yeni teknik ve yöntemler ortaya konulması, çözümsüz denklemler faslının ilavesiyle cebirsel denklemler teorisinin sınırlarının genişletilmesi ve denklemlerin sayısının sınırlanamayacağına dair tartışma ve ispatlar sunulması dikkate değerdir. Son olarak Osmanlı matematikçilerinin hendesî unsurları cebir ilminden kaldırdıkları ancak gerektiğinde hendese ve mesâha ilimleri içerisinde cebirsel ifade ve denklemleri kullandıkları ve cebir ilmini ferâiz, mimâri, süsleme ve astronomi gibi alanlara uygulayarak kullanım alanını sınırlamadıkları ifade edilebilir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Osmanlı, Cebir, Osmanlı Cebiri, Osmanlı Matematiği, Cebir Tarihi

286

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

History of mathematics, Philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Felsefe, Algebra, Bilim ve Teknoloji, History of science, Classical Period, Science and Technology, Cebir, Ottoman Period, Mathematics, İslam Felsefesi

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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