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Osmanlı Devletinin hizmetinde ilk modern Osmanlı sivil toplum örgütü: Osmanlı Hilâl-i Ahmer Cemiyeti (1868-1911)

Authors: Ada, Hüsnü;

Osmanlı Devletinin hizmetinde ilk modern Osmanlı sivil toplum örgütü: Osmanlı Hilâl-i Ahmer Cemiyeti (1868-1911)

Abstract

22 Ağustos 1864 tarihli Cenevre Sözleşmesi gereğince savaşlarda yaralanan ve hastalanan askerlere yardım etmek üzere kurulan bağımsız milli yardım cemiyetlerinin Osmanlı şubesi ancak 14 Nisan 1877'de Osmanlı-Rus Harbi (1877-1878) arefesinde kurulabilmişti. Savaş boyunca 28 hastane kurmak suretiyle 47 bin yaralı ve hasta Osmanlı askerini tedavi eden Cemiyet, savaş ertesinde II. Abdülhamid'ce pragmatik bir şekilde sadece savaş dönemlerinde (1897 Osmanlı- Yunan Harbi ve 1904-5 Osmanlı- Rus Harbi) ya da kolera salgınlarında kullanılmak istenmiş bunun dışında sadece kağıt üzerinde faaliyet göstermesine izin verilmiştir. Diğer taraftan hilâl-i ahmer alametinin kızılhaç ile aynı statüde sayılması hukuken ancak 1 Kasım 1911'de gerçekleştirilebilmiştir. Günümüz Türk Kızılay Derneği'ne dönüşecek olan Osmanlı Hilâl-i Ahmer Cemiyeti özellikle savaş zamanlarında ortaya çıkan devletin hizmetindeki bir sivil toplum örgütüydü. Bu çalışmada devlet kurumu kimliğinden yarı-resmi modern bir sivil toplum örgütüne dönüşüm gözler önüne serilmektedir.

The Ottoman branch of national relief societies to help wounded and sick soldiers during wars according to Ceneva Convention of 22 August 1864 was to be founded on 14 April 1877 just by the eve of the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877-1878. The Society opened 28 hospitals and helped more than 47 thousand wounded and sick soldiers during the war. After the war, Abdulhamid II wanted to use the Society only in war times (1897 Turco-Greek War and 1904-5 Russo-Japanese War) and in case of epidemic cholera. In other times he wanted Society to exist on paper. Besides, the recognition of red crescent in leagal terms as an amblem of neutrality like red cross was realized on 1 November 1911. As the predecessor of contemporary Turkish Red Crescent, Ottoman Red Crescent was a civil society organization under the service of the state. In this work, the transition of the Society from a state institution to a semi-official sivil society organization has been displayed.

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Turkey
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Keywords

Tarih, History, Kızılay, Salib-i Ahmer, Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları, Sivil Toplum, Abdülhamid II, Medical History and Ethics, Ottoman-Russian war, Modern Times, Deontoloji ve Tıp Tarihi, Nongovernmental organizations, Cendrars, Blaise, Hilal-i Ahmer, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, 1299-1918, Civil society, Ottoman Period, International Lahey Peace Conferences

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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