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Küreselleşmenin refah devleti sağlık politikalarına etkileri: Türkiye örneği

Authors: Günaydın, Davuthan;

Küreselleşmenin refah devleti sağlık politikalarına etkileri: Türkiye örneği

Abstract

1950'li ve 1960'lı yıllar boyunca altın çağını yaşayan refah devletleri, ekonomik gelişmelerine bağlı olarak halklarına eğitim, sağlık, sosyal güvenlik ve sosyal adalet konularında geniş imkânlar sundular. Fakat 1970'lerde yaşanan ekonomik krizlere bağlı olarak, yeniden sorgulanır hale geldiler. Hükümetler içine düştükleri krizden kurtulabilmek için öncelikli olarak uyguladıkları refah hizmetlerini tırpanlamaya başladılar. 1980'lerden itibaren de gücünü arttırarak hissettirmeye başlayan küreselleşme ve neo-liberal politikalar, refah devletinin sunduğu hizmetleri küresel sermayenin emrine açmak için ülkeleri, piyasa yönlü reformlar uygulamaya zorladı. Bütün bu gelişmelerden Türkiye de etkilenmiştir. Yerleşik bir refah ve sağlık sistemine sahip olmayan Türkiye, Cumhuriyet'in kuruluşundan itibaren pek çok reform girişiminde bulunmasına rağmen, evrensel kapsayıcılığa sahip bir sağlık sistemi kuramamıştır. Neo-liberal politikaların da etkisiyle 1980'lerden itibaren sağlık hizmetlerinin özelleşmesine yönelik girişimlerini hızlandırmıştır. Bu süreçte öne çıkan en önemli reform, 2002 yılında tek parti hükümetinin uygulamaya koyduğu, ?Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Projesidir? Bu proje ile sağlık hizmetlerinin finansmanın ve sunumunun ayrıştırılması hedeflenmiş, bu maksatla Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu kurularak SSK, Bağ-Kur ve Em. San. tek çatı altında toplanmıştır. Ayrıca üniversite ve Milli Savunma Bakanlığı hastaneleri dışındaki bütün hastaneler Sağlık Bakanlığı'nın bünyesinde toplanmıştır.

In line with the economic development in 1950s and 1960s welfare states significant improvement in living standarts and provided opportunities in education, health, social security and social equality for their citizens. However, economic recessions in 1970s negative efected the welfare state and this model began to be questioned. Since 1980s, globalization and neo-liberal policies forced govermentss to make and imply market based policies to open up the economies and welfare servicies Health sector is also very much affected from the neo liberal policies. Especialy international organizations such as WTO, IMF and WB put pressure on developing countries to make market based reforms in health sector. The new model reduced the rol of the state in health sector and state became an actor that only provider basic health services. Turkey is also one of the countries that affected from these changes. Despite the fact that Turkey had many reform attempts to universal coverage health system but couldn?t be established in the country. In line with the neo liberal policies, since 1980s Turkey has increased attempts to privatize the health services. The most significant reform is ?Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Projesi? which has implied by one party goverment in 2002. The Project aims to purchaser provider split to do so, Social Security Agency has been established and SSK, Bağ-kur and Em. San. joined to the same structure. Addition, all hospitals hospitals joined to the Ministry of Health

378

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Turkey
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Keywords

Refah Devleti, Sağlık Hizmetleri, Çalışma Ekonomisi, Health, Reform, Sağlık Politikası, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri, Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Globalization, Welfare state, Küreselleşme, Health services, Health policy

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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