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Sigorta sektöründe mali yeterlilik ve Türk sigorta sektörünün analizi

Authors: Aydın, Behice;

Sigorta sektöründe mali yeterlilik ve Türk sigorta sektörünün analizi

Abstract

Mali yeterlilik özkaynakların yükümlülükleri karşılayabilme gücünü olarakifade edilmektedir. Mali yeterlilik düzenlemeleri, teknik karşılıklar, malianaliz rasyoları, konservasyon oranları gibi çeşitli kontrol mekanizmalarınıkapsamaktadır.Yükümlülük karşılama yeterliliği (Solvency) ise şirketlerin belli bir andaborçlarını karşılamaya yeterli olup olmadığı gösterir. YKY şirketlerinbünyesinde tutması gereken asgari sermaye olarak da tanımlanmaktadır.Şirketlerin mali yetersizliğe düşmelerindeki en önemli etken ekonomikkrizler ve fiyatlar üzerindeki devlet müdahaleciliğinin kaldırılmasıdır.Sigorta şirketlerinin YKY'deki dalgalanmaları başlıca; hasarlardaki, yatırımgelirlerindeki ve primlerdeki belirsizliklerden kaynaklanmaktadır.Birçok ülkede yükümlülük karşılama yeterliliği konusunda özel şartlargetirilmiştir. Bu şartların yerine getirilmesi kamu denetimi yoluylagerçekleştirilmektedir.Sigorta şirketlerinin mali yeterlilik analizleri statik ve dinamik maliyeterlilik analizleri olmak üzere iki şekilde yapılmaktadır. Statik maliyeterlilik sigorta şirketlerinin geçmiş yıl verilerine dayanılarak ve asgarisermayenin belirlenmesine yönelik hesaplanmaktadır. Sistemin geleceğeyönelik olmaması nedeniyle Dinamik Mali Yeterlilik Analizi uygulamalarıbaşlamış ve sigorta şirketlerinin çeşitli kriz senaryoları ile baş edebilmeyeteneği değerlendirilmeye ve şirketi mali yetersizliğe (insolvency)götürebilecek riskler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.Statik mali yeterlilik kapsamında AB'de Yükümlülük Karşılama Yeterliliği(Solvency I) , ABD'de Risk Yüklenimine Dayalı Sermaye(RYDS)uygulanmaktadır.AB'de de mali yeterlilik için gerekli olan asgari özkaynağınbelirlenmesinde Solvency I'in yetersiz kalması nedeniyle Solvency IIçalışmaları yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Yeterlilik II projesi ile uygun birşekilde çeşitlendirilmiş finansal varlık yapısı ve iyi bir risk yönetimisistemi oluşturulmaya çalışılmaktadır.Dengeli iş kabul politikasını benimseyen sigorta şirketleri, daha azsermeye ayırma olanağına sahiptir. Tersine, mali varlıklarında riski yüksekkıymet bulunduran sigorta şirketleri ise, riski dengelemek için daha fazlasermaye bulundurmak ya da ek reasürans teminatı almak durumundakalacaklardır.

Financial adequacy means adequacy of the equities to meet the liabilities.Regulations on the financial adequacy cover various control mechanisms suchas technical provisions, financial analysis ratios, conservation ratios, and etc.Solvency indicates whether or not a company is financially capable of meetingits liabilities at any time. Solvency is also defined as the minimum capital, whicha company has to maintain.Major cause of insolvency of companies is the economic crises, and removal ofthe state interventions in prices. Fluctuation of insurance companies in respectof solvency is mainly attributable to the uncertainties in occurrences, investmentrevenues, and premiums.Special stipulations have been adopted inn respect of solvency in manycountries. Fulfillment of these stipulations is realized through public audits.Solvency analyses of insurance companies are divided into two groups: staticand dynamic solvency analyses. Static solvency is calculated based on thehistorical data of insurance companies for determining the minimum capitalrequirements. Since the system is not prospective, Dynamic Solvency Analyseshave been commenced in an attempt to determine capability of insurancecompanies to deal with various crisis scenarios, and the risks, which may lead toinsolvency for these companies.Solvency I is adopted in EU, and the Risk Taking-Based Capital (RTBC) isadopted in USA within scope of the static financial adequacy.Activities related to Solvency II have been commenced since Solvency I is alsoinadequate in determination of the minimum equities required for the solvency inEU. With the Solvency II project, it is aimed to establish a structure of financialassets increased in variety in an appropriate manner, and create a proper riskmanagement system.Insurance companies, which have adopted a balanced business acceptancepolicy, are able to allocate a lesser capital. In contrary, insurance companieshaving high-risk assets in its financial assets shall be obliged to allocate muchmore capital, or obtain additional reinsurance coverage in order to be able tobalance the risk.

172

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Türkiye, Insurance, Mali Yeterlilik, Sigortacılık

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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