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Cumhuriyet Dönemi`nde özürlü eğitimi

Authors: Akkuş, Murat;

Cumhuriyet Dönemi`nde özürlü eğitimi

Abstract

Özel gereksinimli bireylerin eğitimi olan özel eğitim Türk Eğitim Sisteminin ayrılmaz, olmazsa olmaz unsurlarından birisidir. Özel eğitim özürlü bireylerin kendilerine yeten, topluma faydalı, ailelerine yük olmaktan çıkmış mutlu kişiler olabilmeleri için gerekli hatta zorunludur. Gerçek manada özel eğitim çalışmaları Avrupa'da 18. yüzyılda başlarken, bizde Grati Efendi tarafından 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde başlatılan çalışmalar Cumhuriyet döneminde bilhassa 1950'li yıllardan sonra büyük bir gelişme göstermiştir. Bu alanda kalitenin arttırılması, amaçların gerçekleştirilmesi, etkili yönetim, yeterli sayı ve nitelikteki personel ve yetkin müfettişler tarafından yapılan denetimle yakından alakalıdır. Görme, işitme, zihinsel, ortopedik özürlü, dil ve konuşma, uyum, öğrenme güçlüğü, süreğen hastalığı, üstün ve özel yeteneği olan bireylerin yani özel gereksinimîi bireylerin eğitimleri eğitsel tanılama izleme ve değerlendirme ekibinin yönlendirmesiyle özel eğitim kurumlarında veya olağan eğitim ortamlarında sürdürülmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar ve tahminlere göre ülke nüfusumuzun %12'sini oluşturan özel gereksinimîi bireylerin okullaşma oranı %2-%3 civarındadır. Bu oramn yukarılara çekilebilmesi için resmi ve özel, özel eğitim kurumlarının sayı ve niteliği arttırılarak, kaynaştırma eğitimine önem verilmelidir.

Specialized education system desingned for traihihg the disabled in the society is the main part of Educational System of Turkey, Specialized education taht aims to facialite and accelerate economic and social development, respect for others, happineas of the disabled in the socrety is necessary for the educational system. While the studres on the freldof specialized education in Europe began in the eigteenth century, in our country it began at the end of the nineteenth centrury by Grati Efendi and developed at the Repuclic term, Especially after the years 1 950. İn the field of specialized education, raising the quality, efficient operation of the system and achievement of the goals are concerned with over-all control and supervision by the supervisors of the system. The disabled who are mentally or physically are trained in the suitable conditionals for them and with the directions given by the specialists, with the reference to the surveys, the sabled consist in 12 tercent of our country's population and the rate of their schools in approximately 2-3 tercent. In order to raise the rates, quality and numbers of private and public schools should be increased and given importance to the co-educational schools.

213

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Turkey
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Keywords

Tarih, History, Eğitim, Özürlüler

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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