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Banking secrecy in the Europian Union

Authors: Mağara, M.Cem;

Banking secrecy in the Europian Union

Abstract

oz Bankacılık Sırrı, bankaya ve banka çalışanlarına, banka müşterilerine ait sır niteliğinde bilgileri dışarı açıklamama sorumluluğu yükleyen, özel türde bir meslek sırrı yükümlülüğüdür. Bu yükümlülük insan haklarına ilişkin uluslar arası konvansiyonlarda garanti altına alınan özel hayatın gizliliğinin korunması hakkı ile doğrudan ilintilidir. Diğer yandan devletler, kamusal yararın korunması amacı ile sır niteliğindeki bilgiye ulaşmaya ihtiyaç duyabilirler. Etkin vergilendirme, suçluluğun ve kara para aklamanın önlenmesi bankacılık sırrının en önemli istisnalarıdır. Avrupa Birliği, supra-nasyonel bir yapı olarak, gümrük birliği ve ortak pazarı ile birlikte dört dolaşım serbestisini de içerir: kişilerin serbest dolaşımı; hizmetlerin serbest dolaşımı; sermayenin ve ödemelerin serbest dolaşımı; malların serbest dolaşımı; Bu nedenle Avrupa Birliği'nin ekonomik, sosyal ve güvenlik yararları bulunmakla; Avrupa Birliği üye devletlerin banka sırrını kaldırmasını bazı direktiflerle öngörmüştür. Bu konudaki direktiflerbanka hukuku uyumlulaştırmasına ilişkin direktifler; kara para aklamanın önlenmesine ilişkin direktif vergi hukukuna ilişkin direktifler (özellikle kazan ımlann vergilendirilmesi) Avrupa Birliği, 2000/12 AT sayılı Direktifi ile, sır niteliğindeki bilginin korunmasını da öngörmüştür. Bu çalışma banka sırrını ve onun Avrupa Birliği, üye devletler ve Türkiye'deki uygulamalarını açıklama amacı gütmektedir. Günümüzde özellikle de 11 Eylül olaylarının ardından, uluslar arası terörizmin finanssal kaynaklarının kesilmesi ve müsaderesi doğrultusunda. başta Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde yer alan banka sırrına muhalif akımlar aktüeldir. Global alanda artan vergi kaçakçılığı da muhalif devletlerin bir başka gerekçesidir. Diğer yandan bankacılık sırrının, özel yaşamın gizliliğinin korunmasına ilişkin bir hak olduğu ve bu haktan istifadenin ancak sayılı ve zorunlu durumlarda, ortadan kaldırılabileceği unutulmamalıdır.

ABSTRACT Banking Secrecy is a special type of professional secrecy, which is obliged the bank and its workers not to disclose the confidential information of bank's customer. This obligation is directly linked to the Right of Privacy, which is guaranteed under all international human right conventions. On the other hand states need to learn some confidential information of bank's customer in order to protect public interests. Effectiveness of taxation, prevention of crime and money laundering are the most important grounds for lifting the Banking Secrecy. As a supra-national community with customs union and common market, European Union provides four freedoms: -free movement of persons -free movement of services -free movement of capital and payments -free movement of goods Therefore European Union has economical, social and security interests so that European Union obliged Member States to derogate from their Banking Secrecy, by directives enacted in the area of:-Harmonization of Banking Law -Prevention of Money Laundering -Taxation (Especially taxation of savings income) Also European Union provides the protection of confidential information by the Article 30 of the 2000/12 EC Directive under Harmonization of Banking Law. This study aims to explain Banking Secrecy and the applications of it in the European Union, Member States, and Turkey. Today it was reached that there are some conservative actions against banking secrecy especially after 11 September Events in United States of America in order to curb the financial, sources of international terrorism and confiscation of it. Increasing Tax Evasion in the global area is also another reason of conservative states. On the contrary it shall not be forgotten that Banking Secrecy is Right to Privacy, on the other words, it's a human right, which must be only derogated in limited and compulsory circumstances.

128

Country
Turkey
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Keywords

Bankacılık, Avrupa Birliği, Banking, Bankalar ve Bankacılık

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green