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EU competition law and distribution channels

Authors: Ertuğrul, Zeynep;

EU competition law and distribution channels

Abstract

Competition and market power play great role in economic life. Actors of economic life employ various strategies to cope with their rivals. Vertial integration by means of vertical restraints are used by firms to reduce their transaction costs in open market transactions is one of those strategies. Vertical restraints are vital tools of suppliers to get market information, that of rivals, new products, penetrating new markets and sustaining their situation there. Main fors of vertical restraints discussed here are price squeeze, resale price maintenance, exclusive dealing agreements, tying agreements, territorial restrictions and refusal to supply. Each states national concern and emhpasize to these policies is an indication of their industrial and competition policies. In main trade blocks of the world, namely USA and Ec , there are different evaluations of vertical rsetraints in their respective antitrust law and competition laws. EC understansding of competition law is more regulatory and interventionist compared to that of USA. More liberal attitude exists in USA compared to Ec focusing on competition rather than competitors. Efficiency of the conduct of competitiors are sought in US antitrust application. EC approach is more structural in analysing effect of vertical restraints in competition. Main difference between these two economic blocks is EC's being an integration of 15 individual states trying to protect and balance each state's individual firms. Such a situation does not exist in USA where only overall competition is sought to be preserved.

Rekabet ve pazar gücü ekonomik hayatta önemli rol oynamaktadır. Ekonomideki aktörler de rakipleriyle savaşırlarken çeşitli stratejiler geliştiriler. Dikey bütünleşmeler ve sınırlamalar firmaların açık pazar işlem maliyetlerini azaltmak için uyguladıkları bir strateji türüdür. Dikey sınırlamalar yoluyla tedarikçi, pazarlar, rakipler, yeni ürünler, yeni pazarlara giriş, bunların kontrolu konusunda bilgi sahibi olur. Burada tartışılan başlıca dikey sınırlama türleri fiyat baskıları, tekrar satış fiyatının belirlenmesi, tekelden satış anlaşmaları, bölgesel sınırlamalar, bağlayıcı anlaşmalar ve mal tedariğinin reddine ilişkin uygulamalardır. Her ülkenin bu alanlardaki yasal düzenlemelerine verdiği önem ve ağırlık ticari ve endüstri politikalarının birer göstergesidir. Dünyanın ana ticari bloklarından ikisi olan ABD ve AT'de mevcut rekabet politikalarının dikey sınırlamalara bakışı farklılık göstermektedir. AT rekabet politikası anlayışı ABD'ninkine oranla daha müdahaleci ve düzenleyicidir. ABD'de ise rakipler yerine rekabeti ön planda tutan daha liberal bir yaklaşım sergilenmektedir;rakiplerin davranışında etkinlik aranır. Dikey sınırlamaların rekabet üzerindeki etkisini incelerken AT bakış açısı daha yapısalcıdır. Bu iki ekonomik blok arasındaki temel farklılık 15 üye ülkeden oluşan AT'nin herbir üyesine ait firmanın korunması ve diğer üye ülkelerdeki rakip firmalarla dengeye oturtulması yönündeki anlayışıdır. Genel rekabet ortamının korunmaya çalışldığı ABD'de böyle bir durum bulunmamaktadır.

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Hukuk, Distribution agreements, İşletme, Distribution channels, Uluslararası hukuk, AVRUPA TOPLULUĞU, Competence Law, European Union, United States of America, Business Administration

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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