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Son Çare (Ultima Ratio) Olarak Ceza Hukuku

The criminal law as last resort (ultima ratio)
Authors: Taşkın, Ozan Ercan;

Son Çare (Ultima Ratio) Olarak Ceza Hukuku

Abstract

Ceza hukuku kavramı olarak son çare (ultima ratio) ilkesi veya "araç ilkesi" devletin cezalandırma iktidarının sınırlandırılması gereğine işaret eder. Kanunilik ilkesinden farklı olarak bu ilkeyle amaçlanan daha ziyade kanun koyucunun sınırlandırılması boyutunda kişi özgürlüklerini güvence altına almaktır. Son çare ilkesi cezanın amaçlarıyla da ilgilidir. Ceza hukuku anlamında cezadan vazgeçilmez olduğu genel olarak kabul edilmektedir. Toplumsal yaşamın temel koşullarının hak ve özgürlükler boyutunda korunması ve insanların barış içinde bir arada yaşamalarının güvence altına alınması için bu hak ve özgürlüklere en az düzeyde müdahale edilmelidir. Tüm cezalar az veya çok bir hak kaybına yol açar. Buna karşın ceza hukukunun müdahale sahası giderek genişlemektedir. O halde son çare ilkesine yönelik tartışmaların ceza kanunlaştırmalarında karşılığı yok mudur? Tüm bu soruların cevapları sadece ceza siyaseti sahasına mı aittir? Anayasa Mahkemesi kararları ne yöndedir? Bu sorulara yönelik tespitler hangi şekilde yapılırsa yapılsın, ceza hukukunun aşırı genişlemesinin önüne geçmek ve sınırlandırılmasının yollarını bulmak gerekir. Son çare ilkesi sadece maddi ceza hukuku ile ilgili değil, aynı zamanda ceza muhakemesi hukuku, infaz hukuku ve uluslararası ceza hukukuyla da ilgilidir. Ancak bu çalışma, maddi ceza hukukunda son çare ilkesiyle sınırlandırılmıştır.

Last resort (ultima ratio), principle or meta-principle which is one of the concepts of criminal law, guides to restrict the State's authority to punish the crime. Different than the principle of legality, ultima ratio principle aims to ensure the individual rights and freedoms by restricting legislator. Therefore ultima ratio principle is also related to goals of punishment. It is generally accepted that forms of punishment of the criminal law are indispensable. It is necessary to interfere in the individual rights and freedoms at the very least to protect those rights and freedoms of all the other people and to keep the society in peace. All forms of punishment more or less effects the rights. Conversely intervention of the criminal law is getting wider. In that case don't the arguments about ultima ratio principle have a place in legalization of the criminal law? The answers of the questions are only about the field of criminal policy? In which way are the decisions of the constitutional court? Whatever the answers of these questions are, the ways to restrict the criminal law have to be found. Ultima ratio principle is not only about criminal law but also about criminal procedure law,execution law and international criminal law. This article has been limited only about ultima ratio principle in criminal law.

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Turkey
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Keywords

Cezaya İhtiyaç, Purpose of the Punishment, Hukuk, Cezanın Amacı, Cezada Liyakat, İlk Çare, Last Resort, First Resort, Son Çare, Blameworthiness (Penal Value), Need Punishment

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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