The author engages with some of the main theses that Sajeva faces in her book. Bio-cultural rights seem to realize an alternative approach, different from the traditional and “Western” one, when environment conservation is at stake. On the other hand, they are also perfectly understandable, because they seem to revolve around some key notions which are well-known within Western culture. Such a complexity calls for a scrutiny of the possible impact that bio-cultural rights may have on the relationships between individuals and groups, culture ad institutions, rights and duties.