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Características químicas, fuentes potenciales y distribución de diferentes tipos de obsidianas en el norte de la provincia del Chubut, Patagonia Argentina

Authors: Stern, Charles R.; Gomez Otero, Julieta; Belardi, Juan Bautista;

Características químicas, fuentes potenciales y distribución de diferentes tipos de obsidianas en el norte de la provincia del Chubut, Patagonia Argentina

Abstract

Se analizaron químicamente artefactos y nódulos de obsidiana provenientes de la costa y de la meseta central de la provincia del Chubut, Argentina, a los 42º y 43ºS. Esto permitió reconocer diferentes tipos de obsidiana, sus fuentes de aprovisionamiento y determinar la distribución regional de los mismos. En la meseta central se identificaron dos fuentes secundarias que a su vez aportaron dos tipos químicamente diferentes de obsidianas, una fue ubicada en la zona de sierra Negra, entre las localidades de Telsen y sierra Chata, y la otra asociada al cerro Guacho, en Sacanana, al oeste de la localidad de Gan Gan, donde se registró una cantera-taller. Esta obsidiana habría estado circulando desde tiempos anteriores al 2240 AP. Una de las muestras de sierra Negra fue datada de 14.6 Ma. mientras que una de cerro Guacho lo fue en 17.8 Ma., concordando con el rango de edades conocidas para la actividad volcánica de los eventos tardíos de formación de la meseta de Somuncurá. Sin embargo, en la meseta central se registraron muestras arqueológcas cuyas características químicas no corresponden con las de las dos fuentes reconocidas, lo que indica la existencia de una tercera fuente en la región. Se comprobó moderada dispersión de estos distintos tipos de obsidiana. En este contexto se destaca un artefacto hallado en la costa de Puerto Madryn que es químicamente similar a las obsidianas de Pampa del Asador. Santa Cruz, Argentina, a más de 800 km de distancia hacia el sudoeste. La información obtenida es discutida a la luz del problema de la presencia de fuentes de aprovisionamiento de obsidiana y la distribución de artefactos de esta materia prima lítica al sur del paralelo 42ºS.

Artifacts and unworked cobbles (nodules) of obsidian, from both the Atlantic coast and the central interior of Chubut Province, Argentina, between latitudes 42º and 43ºS, have been chemically analyzed. This provides the basis of identifying different types of obsidian, their source areas and regional distribution. In the continental interior, two secondary sources, each including two chemically different types of obsidian have been identified. One source area is located in the area of Sierra Negra, between Telsen and Sierra Chata. The other source area, where a quarry occurs from which obsidian was extracted and worked, is located near Cerro Guacho, in Sacanana, to the west of Gan Gan. This obsidian has circulated from at least some time before 2240 BP. The geologic age of a sample of obsidian from Sierra Negra was dated as 14.6 Ma., and a sample from Cerro Guacho as 17.8 Ma., consistent with the range of ages for the late stages of volcanic activity that formed the nearby Meseta de Somuncura. In the continental interior, some obsidian artifacts with chemical characteristics different from the obsidian from the two source areas are also found, indicating that a third source of obsidian might exist in the region. The data suggest circulation of obsidian over moderate distances. However, at Puerto Madryn on the Atlantic coast, one artifact has been found which is chemically similar to black obsidian from Pampa del Asador, Santa Cruz, Argentina, located more that 800 km to the southwest. The information from this study provides a constribution to the understanding of the problem of the sources and distribution of obsidian in southern Patagonia south of 42ºS.

Fil: Gomez Otero, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina

Fil: Belardi, Juan Bautista. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Fil: Stern, Charles R.. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos

Country
Argentina
Keywords

Fuentes, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1, Chubut, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6, Química, Obsidiana

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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