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Article . 2012
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Petrología del complejo volcánico Barril Niyeu (Mioceno inferior), Patagonia Argentina

Authors: Remesal, Marcela Beatriz; Salani, Flavia Maria; Cerredo, Maria Elena;

Petrología del complejo volcánico Barril Niyeu (Mioceno inferior), Patagonia Argentina

Abstract

The Oligocene Somún Curá plateau is the largest volcanic field in the northern extra–andean Patagonia of Argentina. It is mostly composed of alkaline to transitional aphyric olivine basalts that cover a sub–circular area of ~25,000 km2. Several early Miocene post–plateau volcanic events resulted in small monogenetic centres and large bimodal complexes. The Barril Niyeu Volcanic Complex (BNVC) is one of the largest post–plateau bimodal centres built through several stages of eruptive activity outpoured from at leastfive vents (presently cauldrons) of distinct trachyte/rhyolite and basaltic compositions. New whole rock K/Ar dating of early trachyte (20.6±0.4 Ma) and late basaltic (18.7±0.4 Ma) rocks constrain the time span of the BNVC activity within 2–2.5 My. The earliest eruptive stage of the BNVC produced viscous trachyte lava restricted to the volcanic centre, followed by two explosive eruptive episodes of dominant intermediate to acid composition: The first episode produced air–fall, mainly plinian (lesser strombolian) andpyroclasticflow deposits and the second was dominated by ignimbritic pyroclasticflows. Basaltic lava, minor breccia and spatter cone deposits dominate the final stage. The magmatic series of the BNVC involves basaltic/trachybasaltic and trachyte/rhyolite compositions, with a characteristic gap in the 52–67% SiO2 range. Transitional olivine basalt is the most primitive rock of the series (Mg# = 66; Ni = 160ppm; Cr = 290ppm) and shows a chemical composition compatible with a liquid that evolved through the crystal fractionation of a basaltic magma derivedfrom partial melting (8–10%) ofa lherzolithic source. Major and trace element contents and element ratios suggest differentiation through crystal fractionation from an olivine basaltic magma. Intraplate–like Th/Yb, and Ta/Yb ratios characterize basalts, whereas high LILE/REE (Ba/La) ratios suggest the contribution of a subordinated subduction zone component. In addition, Rb/Nb ratios along with a relative Th enrichment in some basalt suggest assimilation of upper crustal rocks. Isotopic compositions (Sr–Nd) of BNVC basalts suggest a source from a depleted mantle and minor contribution of EM1 melts. Somún Curá magmatism is attributed to a process of lithospheric delamination associated with gravitational disturbances during plate reorganization, with subordinated contributions from detached segments of a foundered subducted slab (Aluk plate?).

El plateau volcánico oligoceno de Somún Curá, en el norte de la Patagonia extraandina de Argentina, está compuesto principalmente por basaltos afíricos de olivino, alcalinos a transicionales, que cubren un área de ~25,000 km2. Se distinguen varios eventos post-plateau del Mioceno que originaron grandes centros bimodales y volúmenes menores provenientes de volcanes monogenéticos. Uno de los complejos post-plateau más grandes es el Complejo Volcánico Barril Niyeu (CVBN), conformado por una secuencia de rocas lávicas y piroclásticas asociadas a por lo menos cinco calderas de varios kilómetros de diámetro. Dataciones K/Ar sobre roca total (20.6±0.4 Ma y 18.7±0.4 Ma) acotan la actividad del CVBN al Mioceno temprano. La facies lávica y piroclástica de traquitas predomina en la base de la secuencia y las composiciones basálticas en la parte superior. La facies piroclástica está integrada por flujos piroclásticos y depósitos de caída de composición ácida y depósitos de tipo estromboliano subordinados. Toda la serie tiene tendencia alcalina y presenta un gap composicional de 52 a 67% SiO2. Los datos geoquímicos e isotópicos (Sr, Nd) indican que las rocas del CVBN están relacionadas genéticamente por procesos cristal-líquido, esencialmente de fusión parcial y cristalización fraccionada. Según el modelado geoquímico, el basalto más primitivo de la serie (Mg# = 66; Ni = 160 ppm; Cr = 290 ppm) habría derivado de la fusión parcial (8?10%) de una fuente peridotítica granatífera. Las interrelaciones de elementos de alto potencial iónico (Th/Yb, Ta/Yb) indican un ambiente de intraplaca, y las relaciones LILE/REE (Ba/ La) una contribución subordinada de componentes de zona de subducción. Las relaciones Rb/Nb y las concentraciones de Th en algunos basaltos podrían ser el resultado de asimilación de rocas corticales. En general, la composición isotópica de los basaltos sugiere una fuente mantélica empobrecida (DM) con contribuciones subordinadas de manto enriquecido de tipo 1 (EM1). El magmatismo oligo-mioceno de Somún Curá es atribuido a un proceso de delaminación litosférica disparado por perturbaciones gravitacionales durante la reorganización de placas en el borde Pacífico de la placa Sudamericana, con contribución subordinada de una placa oceánica desprendida (Aluk?).

Fil: Remesal, Marcela Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Fil: Salani, Flavia Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Fil: Cerredo, Maria Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

QE1-996.5, BARRIL NIYEU, PATAGONIA ARGENTINA, Mioceno, QC801-809, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Argentina, Geology, VULCANISMO BIMODAL, MIOCENO, Barril Niyeu, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5, vulcanismo bimodal, Patagonia, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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