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Uso de agua en la purificación de biodiesel: optimización mediante el control de propiedades eléctricas de efluentes

Authors: Sorichetti, Patricio Aníbal; Romano, Silvia Daniela;

Uso de agua en la purificación de biodiesel: optimización mediante el control de propiedades eléctricas de efluentes

Abstract

La producción sustentable de biodiesel requiere la optimización del consumo de agua. Este esun factor clave que debe tenerse en cuenta en la etapa de diseño y en la operación de lasplantas.El impacto ambiental y la calidad del producto final dependen críticamente del correcto diseñodel proceso de purificación y del control del mismo durante la producción. En plantaspequeñas y medianas el consumo de agua empleado respecto al volumen de biocombustiblea purificar llega al 100% o 150%; la proporción cae al 35% en instalaciones grandes, enque se recupera la mayor parte del agua.Los efluentes de la producción de biodiesel consisten principalmente en el agua de lavado,que contiene cantidades variables de alcohol y catalizador. En consecuencia, un tratamientodeficiente de los efluentes involucra riesgos ambientales debidos a la contaminación deaguas subterráneas y superficiales, y sistemas de desagüe.En este trabajo se analiza la optimización del uso de agua en la producción de biodiesel, enparticular durante la etapa de purificación. Se miden las propiedades eléctricas de losefluentes (permitividad, conductividad y factor de disipación), como función de la frecuencia yla temperatura. La reducción progresiva de los valores medidos constituye una indicación de laremoción del alcohol y los restos de catalizador del producto en las sucesivas etapas de lavado.Esto permite controlar el grado de avance del proceso y verificar su finalización. Lapurificación se considera adecuada cuando los valores medidos en los efluentes de la últimaetapa de lavado son cercanos a los del agua limpia empleada. Asimismo, los apartamientosrespecto de los valores óptimos de los parámetros se detectan por comparación convalores de referencia.A diferencia de otras técnicas (cromatografía, espectrofotometría, etc.), las mediciones depropiedades eléctricas son rápidas, eficientes y económicas, y se adaptan bien a los sistemasde control automático.

Sustainable production of biodiesel requires the optimization of water use. This is a key issue that must be considered at the design stage and during plant operation. The environmental impact and the quality of the final product depend critically on the correct design of the purification process and its control during production. In plants of small and medium size water consumption may reach 100% to 150% of the volume of the product to be purified; this ratio falls to 35% in large installations, where most of the water is recovered. Effluent from biodiesel production consists mainly of water from the washing steps, containing variable amounts of alcohol and catalyst. In consequence, the inadequate treatment of effluent involves serious environmental risks due to contamination of sewer systems and surface and underground water. In this work the optimization of water use in biodiesel production is analyzed, particularly during the purification stage. Electrical properties of effluent (permittivity, conductivity and dissipation factor) are measured as a function of frequency and temperature. The steady reduction of the measured values in the effluent indicates the removal of alcohol and catalyst remaining in the product at the successive washing steps. This makes possible to monitor the advance of the process and verify its completion. The purification is regarded as adequate when the measured values in the effluent of the last washing stage are close to those of the clean water used. Also, deviations from optimum parameter values are detected by comparison to reference values. Compared with other techniques (chromatography, spectrophotometry, etc.), electrical properties measurements are fast, efficient and economical, and adapt well to automated control systems.

Fil: Romano, Silvia Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica; Argentina

Fil: Sorichetti, Patricio Aníbal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Física; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

permitividad, Conductividad, factor de disipación, consumo de agua, Ecología, producción de biodiesel, Biocombustibles, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5, conductividad, Factor de disipación, Consumo de agua, Producción de biodiesel, Permitividad, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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