"It is a curious and interesting detail that one of the discoverers of galvanic skin response, the Russian physiologist Tarchanoff, spent his last years as an emigrant in Poland. Also noteworthy is that his Polish student, collaborator and friend, Napoleon Cybulski, known for his work on catecholamines, was a professor and rector of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow (1). Before the Second World War, the Institute of Mental Hygiene in Warsaw had a polygraph in its possession (2). It was employed for psychological experiments and research, but not for criminal investigation – at least no mention of such an application has survived."(...)