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Brage NMBU
Master thesis . 2025
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Sporespredning av Neonectria ditissima om høsten relatert til værforhold, bladfall og en varslingsmodell

Authors: Vedå, Håvard;

Sporespredning av Neonectria ditissima om høsten relatert til værforhold, bladfall og en varslingsmodell

Abstract

Frukttrekreft, forårsaket av soppen Neonectria ditissima, er en viktig sykdom i norsk epledyrking. Soppen infiserer gjennom sår i treet, eksempelvis i sår etter bladfall, beskjæring eller arr etter fruktstilk. Sporespredning skjer aktivt fra sporehus ved kasting av kjønna askosporer til luft og passivt ved ukjønna konidier og vannbårne askosporer. I litteraturen varierer epidemiologien til N. ditissima noe mellom ulike områder i verden, og det er manglende kunnskap under norske forhold og lave temperaturer. Arbeidet i denne masteroppgaven tok sikte på å bidra med økt kunnskap om spredning av konidier og askosporer ved lave temperaturer om høsten, og å sette dette i sammenheng med værfaktorer, bladfall og prognoser for sporespredning gjennom varslingssystemet RIMpro. I tillegg ble det gjennomført kontrollerte klimaforsøk ved 2, 8 og 18 °C for å undersøke temperaturens innvirkning på kasting av askosporer til luft. Feltdata for spredning av askosporer (to steder) og konidiesporer (fire steder) ble samlet inn ved hjelp av regnmålere og telt på laboratorium. Ved bruk av lineær regresjonsanalyse kunne 40 % og 50 % av variasjonen i spredning av henholdsvis konidier og askosporer forklares av utvalgte værparametre, hvor den mest signifikante var antallet dager med regn. Tidspunkt for når sporer ble funnet i felt sammenfalt godt med varsling av sporespredning i RIMpro. Lav temperatur forsinket og reduserte kasting av askosporer, og ingen sporekasting ble observert etter 10 timer ved 2 °C. Ved alle lokaliteter hvor bladfall ble målt, ble det registrert en betydelig sporespredning under bladfallet, med varierende overlapp avhengig av sort. Resultatene fra dette arbeidet vil kunne bidra til videre utvikling av den eksisterende varslingsmodellen, eller opprettelsen av en ny modell, tilpasset norske klimaforhold.

European canker, caused by the ascomycete Neonectria ditissima, is an important disease on apple trees in Norway. The fungus infects through wounds in the tree, e.g. autumnal leaf scars, pruning cuts or fruit picking wounds. Air-dispersed ascospores are actively discharged from perithecia, while passive release occurs by conidia and water-dispersed ascospores. Literature on the epidemiology of N. ditissima exhibit regional variation due to differences in climate, and knowledge on behaviour at low temperatures and under Norwegian conditions are unfinalized. Using rain gauges for spore capture in fruit orchards at four locations in Norway, this work sought to increase knowledge of ascospore (measured at two locations) and conidial (measured at four locations) release during autumn, and view spore release in relation to weather parameters, leaf fall and predicted spore release by RIMpro. In addition, ascospore discharge was studied under controlled environment at 2, 8 and 18 °C. Using linear regression, 40 % of conidia and 50 % of ascospore release could be attributed to weather parameters, the most significant being number of days with precipitation. A considerable spore release was found during leaf fall in all inspected districts, with varying overlap dependant on cultivar. Low temperature both slowed down and reduced ascospore discharge compared to 18 °C, and no discharge was found during the 10 hours at 2 °C. The findings of this work may be used to adapt the existing model, or to develop a new model for disease prediction of European canker suited for Norwegian conditions.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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