
handle: 11250/3207477
Tire wear particles (TWP), produced from mechanical release, are a large anthropogenic pollutant source. N,N’-substituted p-phenylenediamine (PPD) is a group of compounds used as an additive in commercial rubber. They increase durability and protect the tires against high temperature, pressure, oxygen and ozone. Along the discovery of the PPDs toxicity at environmental concentrations, the concern about these quinones has increased. For Coho Salomon and Brook trout a 24-h LC50 value of respectively 0.095 μg/L and 0.59 μg/L has been observed of 6PPD-Q. For Rainbow trout it’s observed a 72-h LC50 value of 1.0 μg/L. Other PPDs like IPPD and DPPD have respectively shown allergic contact dermatitis and reproductive and developmental toxicity in rats. To enable the extraction and analysis of the quinones, a method was developed using an Agilent 1200 HPLC system coupled with an Agilent 6410 series triple quadrupole MS system. The analytical method was optimized for the qualitative and quantitative determination of the selected quinones. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was determined to 1 ng/g for 6PPD-Q and 0.6 ng/g for the remaining quinones (DPPD-Q, PTPD-Q, IPPD-Q, CPPD-Q, SPPD-Q, 66PD-Q and 77PD-Q). The goal of this study is to get a first overview of these quinones, their concentration and distribution in Arctic surface soil and water samples in Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic). During the investigation of the selected quinones, a qualitative determination of DPPD-Q and a quantitative determination of 6PPD-Q and PTPD-Q in soil samples were achieved. DPPD-Q was qualitatively determined in all soil samples collected, but because of the lack of a clean blank sample it was not possible to quantitatively determine this quinone. For 6PPD-Q and PTPD-Q the highest observed concentration was respectively 21,2 ng/g and 2,3 ng/g in dry weight. Of the 53 samples analyzed, 6PPD-Q was quantitively determined in 25 samples, whereas PTPD-Q was only quantitatively determined in 4 samples. The conclusion of this study was that a further development of the method is necessary to get a clearer overview of the concentration and distribution of PTPD-Q and DPPD-Q in Longyearbyen, Svalbard.
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