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Brage NMBU
Master thesis . 2016
Data sources: Brage NMBU
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Det sosiale kræsjet : sosial ulikhet i forekomsten av trafikkulykker

Authors: Karlsson, Line Ragna Aakre;

Det sosiale kræsjet : sosial ulikhet i forekomsten av trafikkulykker

Abstract

Background and rationale Social inequalities in health are systematical differences in health status that follow socioeconomic position. The inequalities form a social gradient in the population; the lower a persons socioeconomic position is, the worse their health is likely to be. This paper aims to expand the knowledge on the effect of socioeconomic position, and explores the possibility of seeing social gradients in the occurrence of traffic accidents. Method This master thesis uses meta-analysis to compare results from published papers that have examined the association between low socioeconomic position, and increased risk of traffic accident involvement. A systematic search for papers resulted in 28 relevant studies. The studies are divided in groups depending on what indicator of social status they use. They are thereafter processed to become comparable in 3 meta-analyses. A weighted mean is estimated to summarize the data from the studies. Results The meta-analyses show that social inequalities are present in the occurrence of traffic accidents, independent of whether socioeconomic position is indicated by education, income or area deprivation. Only a minority of studies in the meta-analyses do not find this association. Discussion The results are discussed in the perspective of different explanations for health inequalities: Psychosocial factors, health behaviour, social selection and material disadvantage. Conclusion At best, the explanations for social inequalities in health can only suggest reasons as to why there is a social gradient in traffic accidents. There is no particular cause that single-handedly explains why people with low socioeconomic position have a greater risk of being involved in a traffic accident. Complex and contextual pathways interact in a way that makes risk factors and negative health factors accumulate among people with low social status, which gives them a greater risk of being involved in a traffic accident. This thesis suggests that knowledge of the social impact on accident involvement risk should be considered when planning public health interventions, to reduce the number of traffic accidents, and achieve better quality of life.

Bakgrunn og hensikt Sosiale ulikheter i helse er systematiske forskjeller i helsen som følger posisjon i det sosiale hierarkiet. Sosiale ulikheter kan ses for de fleste helsemål, og de danner en sosial gradient i befolkningen; jo lavere sosial status, jo dårligere helse. For å utvide kunnskapen om effekten av sosial status, utforsker denne oppgaven forekomsten sosial ulikhet i trafikkulykker. Metode Oppgaven bruker meta-analyse til å sammenlikne resultater fra relevante publiseringer som undersøker sammenhengen mellom lav sosial status og økt risiko for å bli utsatt for en trafikkulykke. Et systematisk litteratursøk i vitenskapelige databaser resulterer i 28 studier. Studiene grupperes etter hvilket mål på sosial status som brukes, bearbeides deretter, og sammenliknes i 3 meta-analyser. Et vektet gjennomsnitt regnes ut for å oppsummere data fra enkeltstudiene. Resultater Studien viser at sosiale forskjeller kan ses i forekomsten av trafikkulykker, uavhengig av om sosial status måles ved utdannelse, inntekt, eller standardiserte deprivasjonsindekser. Det finnes også avvikende resultater, men disse er i undertall. Diskusjon Funnene diskuteres i lys av ulike forklaringsmodeller for sosial ulikhet i helse; psykososiale forklaringer, helseatferd, materielle forhold og sosial seleksjon. Konklusjon Forklaringene kan i beste fall bidra til å foreslå grunner til sosial ulikhet i trafikkulykker, men ingen kan peke å hvilke enkeltstående faktorer som gir grunnlag for at mennesker med lav sosial status har større ulykkesrisiko i trafikken. På samme måte som sosiale ulikheter i helse, og trafikkulykker forekommer, er det komplekse kontekstuelle forhold som påvirker hverandre på en måte som gjør at flere ulykkesfaktorer forekommer på samme sted, til samme tid. Det ser ut til å være den totale belastningen av negative forhold rundt mennesker med lav sosial status som gjør at disse individene er spesielt utsatt for trafikkulykker. Resultatene peker på hvordan ny kunnskap om effekten av sosial status bør inkluderes i folkehelsearbeidet, og bidra til å bedre forme fokuserte tiltak for å oppnå færre trafikkulykker, og bedre livskvalitet.

M-FOL

Country
Norway
Related Organizations
Keywords

VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Other health science disciplines: 829, Trafikk, Socioeconomic position, Sosial status, Folkehelse, Public Health, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green