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Intervenciones nutricionales en un modelo de dislipemia y resistencia insulínica inducido por ingesta prolongada de dieta rica en sacarosa. Efecto de la sustitución parcial de sacarosa

Authors: Fortino, María Alejandra;

handle: 11185/36

Intervenciones nutricionales en un modelo de dislipemia y resistencia insulínica inducido por ingesta prolongada de dieta rica en sacarosa. Efecto de la sustitución parcial de sacarosa

Abstract

El Síndrome Plurimetabólico presenta alteraciones del metabolismo lípidico e hidrocarbonado -incluyendo obesidad, diabetes tipo 2 e hipertensión- y su prevalencia constituye un problema mundial. Este trabajo estudia –a nivel experimental- la posibilidad de revertir o al menos mejorar alguna de las manifestaciones bioquímicas-metabólicas de dicho síndrome por manipulación dietaria. Se utilizó un modelo de hipertrigliceridemia, intolerancia a la glucosa e insulino-resistencia estable inducido en ratas normales por ingesta crónica (42 semanas) de dieta rica en sacarosa 63% p/p. En estos animales se redujo el porcentaje de sacarosa (63 a 20% p/p) sustituyéndola por almidón las últimas 12 semanas de ingesta. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir: 1. La marcada reducción en el peso corporal, adiposidad visceral, disponibilidad de ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE) plasmáticos y contenido graso de la carcasa pudo alcanzarse sin restricción calórica. 2. La normalización de la velocidad de secreción hepática de lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad y la velocidad de remoción de triglicéridos plasmáticos contribuyó a la normotrigliceridemia alcanzada al finalizar el período de ingesta. 3. La menor disponibilidad de AGNE plasmáticos indujo menor contenido lipídico en tejidos no adiposos (hígado, músculo esquelético y cardíaco) contribuyendo posiblemente a mejorar el patrón de secreción de insulina en islotes aislados. La homeostasis de la glucosa tiende a normalizarse sin modificar la insulinemia. Aunque nuestros resultados no pueden aplicarse directamente a humanos, la recomendación de reducir el consumo de azúcares refinados y/o la sustitución por azúcares complejos sería muy útil en la prevención y mejoría de patologías asociadas al Síndrome.

The Plurimetabolic Syndrome is characterized by alterations in lipids and carbohydrate metabolism -obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension-. It constitutes a wordwide issue due to a high prevalence and morbimortality. In this work we have studied the possibility of reversing or improving some of the pathologies by dietary manipulations. A model of stable hypertriglyceridemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance was used. Normal rats were chronically (30-42 weeks) fed a sucrose rich diet (63% w/w). The sucrose percentage was later reduced to 20% w/w by substituting starch for sucrose during the last 12 weeks. From the results the following conclusions can be pointed out: 1. The marked reduction in body weight, adiposity (visceral adipose tissue mass), availability of plasmatic non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and fat content in the rat carcass could be achieved without caloric restriction. 2. Both mechanisms, normal rate of hepatic secretion of very low density lipoproteins and normal rate of removal of plasmatic triglycerides, contribute to normotriglyceridemia. 3. The lower availability of plasmatic NEFA led to a lower lipid content in non-adipose tissues (liver, skeletal and cardiac muscles), which probably contributes to the improvement of the insulin secretion pattern in isolated islets perifused. Glucose homeostasis tends to normalize, with no changes in insulinemia. Although the results obtained cannot be extrapolated to human beings, a reduction in the consumption of refined sugars and/or their replacement by complex sugars is recommended in order to contribute to the prevention and the improvement of pathologies associated to the Plurimetabolic Syndrome.

Fil: Fortino, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Argentina.

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica

Universidad Nacional del Litoral

Fundación A.J. Roemmers

Country
Argentina
Related Organizations
Keywords

Refined sugars, Dyslipidemia, Azúcares refinados, Dislipidemia, Sucrose rich diet, Adiposidad visceral, Insulin resistance, Resistencia insulínica, Visceral obesity, Dieta rica en sacarosa

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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